Asia Review 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.86
-
pISSN : 2234-0386
- https://journal.kci.go.kr/asiareview
KJCKorea
Journal Central
Reconsidering the Timurid Currency System
- Asia Review
- Abbr : SNUACAR
- 2021, 11(1), pp.219~260
- DOI : 10.24987/SNUACAR.2021.4.11.1.219
- Publisher : 아시아연구소
- Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
- Received : February 16, 2021
- Accepted : April 2, 2021
- Published : April 30, 2021
1서울대학교 인문대학
Accredited
ABSTRACT
This article examines the Timurid currency system. Traditionally, the Islamic world has three different coins: Dinar made of gold, Dirham made of silver, and Fulus made of copper. These coins have had their own standard of weight, purity, and ratio from the early Umayyad Caliphate. However, since the 13th century, several kinds of denominations of coins, which formed an integral number of existing Dinars or Dirhams, appeared from all around the Islamic world. These denominations were not regal ones, which brought on confusion. Therefore, Il-khan Ghazan Khan invented big silver Dinars that became a simple integer ratio to small silver Dirhams. The Timurid dynasty inherited Ghazan khan’s reform and invented new big silver coins named Tanka, which was similar to the appearance of coins of the Delhi sultanate and formed integral numbers of Samarqand local Dirham (Miri) . Silver Tanka was distributed throughout the Timurid dynasty, but copper coins without a specific size was distributed in particular areas. The Timurid dynasty had several currency zones for the copper coins like Samarqand (Mawara an-nahr) , Iraq, and Herat (Khurasan) , and the copper coins were similar size but different appearance.
KEYWORDS
Statistics
-
306 Viewed
-
163 Downloaded
Tools
Issue List
Citation status
* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.
[book]
陳誠
/ 2000
/ 西域番國志
/ 中華書局
[book]
前田直典
/ 1973
/ 元朝史の硏究
/ 東京大學出版會
[journal]
Album, Stephen
/ 1997
/ The Coinage of Nuˉr-aˉward, Atabeg of Lur Buzurg, 751-757 H./A.D. 1350-56
/ Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)
22
: 213~239
[book]
Album, Stephen
/ 2011
/ Checklist of Islamic Coins
/ Stephen Album Rare Coins Inc
[journal]
Album, Stephen
/ 1992
/ COINS AND COINAGE
/ Encyclopaedia Iranica
6(1)
: 14~41
[book]
Atwell, William
/ 1998
/ The Cambridge History of China 8, part 2
/ Cambridge University Press
: 1470~1650
[other]
/ Bafqı, Mustaufı, Muhammad Mufıd. 1385Sh./2006-7. Jaˉmi’-yi Mufıˉdıˉ. Asaˉt.ıˉr
[journal]
Bates, Michael L.
/ 1978
/ Islamic Numismatics
/ MESA Bull.
12(2)
: 1~16
[journal]
Blair, Sheila S.
/ 1983
/ The Coins of the Later Ilkhanids: A Typological Analysis
/ Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
26(3)
: 295~317
[book]
Clavijo, G. Le. Strange
/ 1928
/ Embossy to Tamerlane
/ Routledge & Sons
[book]
Давидович, Е. А.
/ 1979
/ Денежное хозяйство Средней Азии в ХIII веке
/ НАУКА
[book]
Давидович Е. А.
/ 1983
/ История денежного обращения средневековой Средней Азии
/ НАУКА
[book]
Davidovich E. A.
/ 1994
/ History of Civilizations of Central Asia - The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the Fifteenth Century 4, Part 1, The historical, social and economic setting
/ Unesco
[book]
Davidovich, E. A.
/ 2003
/ History of Civilizations of Central Asia - Development in Contrast: From the Sixteenth to the Midnineteenth Century V
/ Unesco
[journal]
Fedorov, Michael
/ 2010
/ The “Bukhar Khudat” Type Drachms and “Black Dirhems” in Money Circulation of Mediaeval Central Asia
/ Central Asiatic Journal
54(1)
: 27~52
[book]
Fragner, Bert
/ 1993
/ Cambridge History of Iran 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods
/ Cambridge Universoty Press
[book]
Heidemann, Stefan
/ 1999
/ Studia Iranica Cahier 21
/ Association pour l’Avancement des Etudes Iraniennes
[journal]
Hinz, Walther
/ 1950
/ Ein Orientalisches Handelsunternehmen im 15. Jahrhundert
/ Die Welt des Orients
1(4)
: 313~340
[journal]
Hinz, Walther
/ 1957
/ Reviewed Work: Deux sayyids de bam au XVe siècle. Contribution à l’histoire de l’Iran timouride by Jean Aubin
/ Oriens
10(2)
: 368~370
[book]
Hinz, Walther
/ 2003
/ Measures and the Weights in the Islamic World
/ International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation, International Islamic University
[book]
Isfijarı, Mu’ın al-Dın Muhammad Jamchı
/ 1960
/ Ruzat al-J anat-fi Usafmadına-yi harat
/ Danishghah-i Tihran
[book]
Ja‘fari, Ja’far b
/ 2005
/ Tarıkh-i Yazd
/ Sherkat-i Entesharat-i E’lmı wa Farhanghı
[book]
Katıb, Ahmad
/ 1978
/ Tarıkh-i Jadıd-i Yazd
/ Farhang-i ıranZamın
[book]
Khwandamir, Ghiyas al-Din
/ 1994
/ The Reign of the Mongol and the Turk
/ Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University
[book]
Kolbas, Judith
/ 2005
/ The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu 1220–1309
/ Routledge
[other]
Cordington, O.
/ 1904
/ A Manual of Musalman Numismatics
[book]
Manz, Beatrice Forbes
/ 2007
/ Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran
/ Cambridge University Press
[book]
Mar‘ashı, Zahır al-dın b
/ 1385
/ Tarıkh-i Gilan wa Daylamistan
/ It.ila’at
[book]
Mukminova, R. G.
/ 1994
/ History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century 4, Part 1. The Historical, Social and Economic Setting
/ Unesco
[journal]
Paul, Jurgen
/ 1991
/ Forming a Faction: The Himayat System of Khwaja Ahrar
/ International Journal of Middle East Studies
23(4)
: 533~548
[book]
al-Qalqashandı
/ 1914
/ Subhal-A’sha 4
/ Cairo
[book]
Rashıd al-Dın Fazl-allah, Alizade
/ 1957
/ Jami’al-tavarıkh
/ Baku
[book]
Rebstock, Ulrich
/ 2008
/ Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non Western Cultures
/ Springer
[book]
Rossabi, Morris
/ 1998
/ The Cambridge History of China 8, part 2
/ Cambridge University Press
[book]
Samarqandı, Kamal al-Dın Abdalrazaq
/ 1996
/ Mat.la’ Sa’dayn wa Majma’ Bahrayn
/ Mu’asasa-yi Mut.ali’at waTahqıqat-i Farhangı
[journal]
Smith, John Masson Jr
/ 1969
/ The Silver Currency of Mongol Iran
/ Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
12(1)
: 16~41
[book]
Subtelny, Maria
/ 2007
/ Timurid in transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran
/ Brill
[book]
Tıhranı, Abu Bakr Is.fahanı
/ 1964
/ Kitab-i Diyarbakriyya
/ Turk Tarih kurumuBasimevi
[confproc]
Tom, Sinclair
/ 2012
/ Some Conclusions on the Use of Coins on the Ayas-Tabriz Route (Late 13th and First Half of 14th Century A.D.), At the Crossroads of Empires: 14th-15th Century Eastern Anatolia
/ Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Istanbul, 4th-6th May 2007
/ Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil
[journal]
Treadwell, Luke
/ 2007
/ The Monetary History of the Bukharkhuda Dirham (“black dirham”) in Samanid Transoxania (204–395/819–1005)
/ Oriental Numismatic Society Journal
193
[book]
Yazdı. Sharaf al-Dın ’Alı
/ 2008
/ Zafar nama
/ Markaz-i Asnad Majlis
[journal]
Yusuf, Abu Bakar Bin Mohd
/ 2002
/ Implementation of the Gold Dinar: Is It the End of Speculative Measures?
/ Journal of Economic Cooperation
23(3)
: 71~84