The relationship between the intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being: Double mediating effect of self-compassion and parenting stress (어머니의 집중적인 모성 이데올로기와 정신적 안녕감의 관계: 자기자비와 양육스트레스의 매개효과)

Hyun Jung Lee (이현정); Seung-yeon Lee (이승연)

doi:10.35574/KJDP.2021.9.34.3.21

The relationship between the intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being: Double mediating effect of self-compassion and parenting stress

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
2021, 34(3), pp.21-42
DOI : 10.35574/KJDP.2021.9.34.3.21
Publisher : The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology
Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science
Received : July 12, 2021
Accepted : August 31, 2021
Published : September 15, 2021

Hyun Jung Lee ¹, Seung-yeon Lee ¹

¹이화여자대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being, focusing on the mediating effects of self-compassion and parenting stress. The study participants were mothers who had home-schooling experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and children aged 1-9 years. Survey data from 372 mothers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Intensive mothering ideology was negatively associated with both self-compassion and mental well-being, but positively predicted parenting stress. Self-compassion was negatively associated with parenting stress but positively predicted mental well-being. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between parenting stress and mental well-being. Self-compassion and parenting stress both showed significant mediating effects on the relationship between intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being. Furthermore, the double mediating effect was significant for the relationship between intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being. Finally, intervention strategies were suggested to improve mothers’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.

KEYWORDS

Intensive Mothering Ideology, Mental Well-being, Self-compassion, Parenting Stress

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] 강선모 / 2013 / Analysis of Structural Relationships Between Parentification and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Shame, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy / 상담학연구 / 한국상담학회 14(6) : 3409~3431

[journal] 강희경 / 2003 / Parenting Stress Scale for Parents of School-Aged Children / 가정과삶의질연구 / 가정과삶의질학회 21(2) : 31~38

[web] 국가통계포털 / 2017 / 제1차 양성평등실태조사 / https://kosis.kr/common/meta_onedepth.jsp?vwcd=MT_OTITLE&listid=154_154021

[journal] 김경민 / 2019 / The effects of gender role stereotype and paternal involvement of child-rearing on parenting stress: an application of the actor-partner interdependence mediation model / 열린유아교육연구 / 한국열린유아교육학회 24(4) : 49~65

[journal] 김경의 / 2008 / The validation study of the Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale / 한국심리학회지: 건강 / 한국건강심리학회 13(4) : 1023~1044

[journal] 김경화 / 2013 / A Study on Perceived Work-Family Conflict of Married Working Men and Women with Children under 6Years and Elementary School Children: Focused on Interaction between Gender and Related Variables / 가족과 문화 / 한국가족학회 25(4) : 60~90

[journal] 김근혜 / 2019 / The Effect of Parent's Happiness and Parenting Stress on Parenting Attitude / 한국영유아보육학 / 한국영유아보육학회 (116) : 1~20

[journal] 김명소 / 2003 / Explorations on the happy life of Koreas on the bases of their social structural variables / 한국심리학회지:일반 / 한국심리학회 22(2) : 1~33

[journal] 김명원 / 2011 / The Effects of Double-Income Couples’Gender Role Attitudes and Recognition of Social Support on Parenting Stress / Human Ecology Research / 대한가정학회 49(8) : 25~35

[journal] 김민녀 / 2006 / Marital Satisfaction by family life cycle / 한국심리학회지: 건강 / 한국건강심리학회 11(4) : 655~671

[web] 김영란 / 2020 / 코로나19 시기 가족생활과 가족 정책 의제, 제3차 코로나19 관련 여성․가족분야 릴레이 토론회 발표자료 / https://www.kwdi.re.kr/research/seminarView.do?page=1&idx=125958

[journal] 김은경 / 2016 / The Relation of Parenting Stress, Anger and Somatization Symptom of Mothers / 스트레스 硏究 / 대한스트레스학회 24(3) : 151~160

[journal] 김은영 / 2014 / A Study of the Psychological Well-being of Employed Women with the Lower Grades in Elementary School / 스트레스 硏究 / 대한스트레스학회 22(1) : 1~9

[journal] 노성숙 / 2012 / What is like to live as a “Working-Mom” in Korea? / 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료 / 한국상담심리학회 24(2) : 365~395

[thesis] 류보영 / 2020 / 기혼여성의 사회부과 완벽주의와양육죄책감의 관계에서 집중적인 모성이데올로기의 매개효과 / 석사 / 아주대학교

[thesis] 박진애 / 2012 / 취업모의 모성 이데올로기와 양육죄책감의 관계 : 일-가정양립지원환경의 조절효과 / 석사 / 가톨릭대학교 대학원

[journal] 박한솔 / 2020 / Examining Factor Structure of the Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale: Distinctive Effect of Self-Compassion and Self-Coldness / 상담학연구 / 한국상담학회 21(3) : 227~251

[journal] 성정원 / 2011 / Maternal Guilt and its Related Variables: Focusing on Mother's Employment Status and Child Age / 한국보육학회지 / 한국보육학회 11(2) : 123~145

[journal] 신송이 / 2018 / Identity Change Experience of Women in Early Nurture Period Through Group Narrative Therapy: Focusing on Motherhood Ideology / 한국기독교상담학회지 / 한국기독교상담심리학회 29(1) : 67~93

[journal] 안지선 / 2020 / Relationship between Mother’s Psychological Well-Being and Young Children’s Resilience: Mediating Effect of Parenting Efficacy / 미래유아교육학회지 / 미래유아교육학회 27(2) : 175~192

[journal] 안혜진 / 2018 / The Longitudinal Relationship between Parenting stress, Mother’s Depression, and Early Child’s Problem Behavior Using Latent Growth Model / 학습자중심교과교육연구 / 학습자중심교과교육학회 18(10) : 931~951

[journal] 양은호 / 2011 / A Study on the Relationships between Psychological Well-being and Parenting Self-efficacy of Preschooler Mothers / 열린유아교육연구 / 한국열린유아교육학회 16(6) : 211~230

[web] 엠비엔온라인 뉴스팀 / 2020 / ‘코로나 블루’에 시달리는 전업주부들…24시간 ‘독박육아’ / MBN뉴스 / https://www.mbn.co.kr/news/society/4261966

[journal] 오재연 / 2007 / An Ecological Approach to Analyzing Variablesin Parenting Stress / 열린유아교육연구 / 한국열린유아교육학회 12(5) : 73~94

[journal] 유성경 / 2020 / Latent Profile Analysis of Double-Earning Couples’ Parental Role Beliefs with Infants and Toddlers / 여성연구 / 한국여성정책연구원 107(4) : 109~141

[journal] 윤연희 / 2017 / 어머니의 심리적 안녕감과영아의 정서지능간 관계: 어머니의 양육행동매개효과 분석 / 영유아보육교육연구 1(1) : 47~66

[other] 윤택림 / 2001 / 한국의 모성 / 미래인력연구원 지식마당

[journal] 이경숙 / 2008 / Reliability and Validity Study for the Korean version of Parenting Stress Index Short Form(K-PSI-SF) / 한국심리학회지:여성 / 한국여성심리학회 13(3) : 363~377

[thesis] 이보선 / 2015 / 한국판 집중적인 부모양육태도 척도 타당화 / 석사 / 이화여자대학교

[journal] 이수미 / 2010 / The Quality of Multiple Roles and Psychological Health of Employed Mothers / 한국가족관계학회지 / 한국가족관계학회 15(3) : 67~90

[journal] 이숙자 / 2006 / The Relationship Between the Parenting Stress and Psychological Well-being of the Mothers of the Child with the Developmental Disability: Testing a？Mediating Model of Active Coping Strategy... / 상담학연구 / 한국상담학회 7(1) : 27~45

[thesis] 이연숙 / 2015 / 어머니의 양육태도, 양육스트레스가 유아의 일상적 스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 자아탄력성의 매개효과 / 박사 / 서울신학대학교

[journal] 이영미 / 2009 / The relationship of mother's child-rearing stress, affective-rejective parenting and preschooler's self-regulation / 가족과 문화 / 한국가족학회 21(4) : 41~61

[journal] 이윤주 / 2012 / The Relationship between Parenting Stress and Depression among Married Women with Young Children: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem Stability / 상담학연구 / 한국상담학회 13(5) : 2229~2249

[thesis] 이준형 / 2017 / 집중적인 모성 이데올로기가 학령기 자녀 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 자녀성공에 대한 당위적 기대와 자녀수반 자기가치감의 조절된 매개효과 / 석사 / 이화여자대학교

[journal] 이지현 / 2016 / Item Parceling: Understanding and Applying the Principles / 한국심리학회지:일반 / 한국심리학회 35(2) : 327~353

[journal] 이진희 / 2013 / From Obsession with Perfection to 'Good-Enough Mother'- Focusing on Winnicott's Infant Emotional Development Theory and Mothering / 페미니즘연구 / 한국여성연구소 13(2) : 35~75

[journal] 임영진 / 2012 / Psychometric Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in South Koreans / 한국심리학회지:일반 / 한국심리학회 31(2) : 369~386

[journal] 전명철 / 2019 / The Role of Self-efficacy and Marital Conflict in the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Depression Among Married Women of Infants / 상담학연구 / 한국상담학회 20(1) : 93~120

[journal] 전지혜 / 2021 / The Mediating Effects of Self-Compassion and Tolerance of Uncertainty on Maladaptive Perfectionism and Job Seeking Stress of the Job Applicant / 학습자중심교과교육연구 / 학습자중심교과교육학회 21(11) : 731~743

[journal] 정경미 / 2008 / Standardization Study for the Korean Version of Parenting Stress Index(K-PSI) / Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology / 한국임상심리학회 27(3) : 689~707

[journal] 정희정 / 2020 / 부모의 사회인구학적 변인에 따른어머니의 양육효능감 및 양육스트레스, 아버지의 양육참여, 자녀의 행복감 차이 / 총신대논총 40 : 403~432

[journal] 조숙 / 2015 / Comparative Study on the Relationships among Perception of Motherhood Ideology, Parenting Stress, and Marital Satisfactions of Employed and Unemployed Mothers / 한국가족관계학회지 / 한국가족관계학회 20(1) : 25~49

[journal] 조옥진 / 2019 / A Case Study on Narrative Therapy with Working Moms of Preschool Children / 가족과 가족치료 / 한국가족치료학회 27(4) : 745~773

[journal] 조용래 / 2011 / The Effects of Self-Compassion versus Distraction Treatments and Trait Self-Compassion on Emotional Reactions to Unpleasant Self-Relevant Events / 한국심리학회지:일반 / 한국심리학회 30(3) : 707~726

[journal] 조윤진 / 2016 / Development and Validation of the Korean version of the Maternal ․ Paternal Role Belief Scale / 유아교육·보육복지연구 / 한국유아교육ㆍ보육복지학회 20(3) : 69~100

[journal] 최아라 / 2020 / COVID-19, Issuses and Tasks of Childcare / 인문사회 21 / 인문사회 21 11(4) : 1379~1390

[journal] Abidin, R. R. / 1990 / Introduction to the special issue : The stresses of parenting / Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 19(4) : 298~301

[journal] Abidin, R. R. / 1992 / The determinants of parenting behavior / Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 21(4) : 407~412

[other] Abidin, R. R. / 1995 / Parenting Stress Index (PSI) Manual / Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc

[journal] Allen, A. B. / 2010 / Self compassion, stress, and coping / Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4(2) : 107~118

[book] Alon, T. M. / 2020 / The Impact of COVID-19 on gender equality / National Bureau of Economic Research

[journal] Anderson, J. C. / 1988 / Structural equation modeling in practice : A review and recommended two-step approach / Psychological Bulletin 103(3) : 411~423

[journal] Armbruster, S. / 2020 / Lost in lockdown? COVID-19, social distancing, and mental health in Germany / Covid Economics 22 : 117~153

[journal] Arslan, G. / 2020 / Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological health:Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure / International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction : 1~17

[journal] Bollen, K. A. / 1990 / Direct and indirect effects : Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability / Sociological Methodology 20 : 115~140

[journal] Brenner, R. E. / 2017 / Two is more valid than one : Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale(SCS) / Journal of Counseling Psychology 64(6) : 696~707

[journal] Bruining, H. / 2020 / COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry : An unexpected blessing for part of our population? / European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30 : 1139~1140

[other] Calarco, J. M. / 2020 / “Let’s not pretend it’s fun”: How COVID-19-related school and childcare closures are damaging mothers’ well-being / SocArXiv [Preprint]

[journal] Chang, E. C. / 2017 / Understanding the association between negative life events and suicidal risk in college students : Examining self compassion as a potential mediator / Journal of Clinical Psychology 73(6) : 745~755

[journal] Crnic, K. / 1990 / Minor parenting stresses with young children / Child Development 61(5) : 1628~1637

[journal] Curran, P. J. / 1996 / The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis / Psychological Methods 1(1) : 16~29

[journal] Elliott, S. / 2015 / Being a good mom : Low-income, black single mothers negotiate intensive mothering / Journal of Family Issues 36(3) : 351~370

[journal] Forbes, L. K. / 2020 / Differences in intensive parenting attitudes and gender norms among US mothers / The Family Journal 28(1) : 63~71

[journal] Fredrickson, B. L. / 2001 / The role of positive emotions in positive psychology : The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions / American Psychologist 56(3) : 218~226

[book] Furedi, F. / 2001 / Paranoid parenting:Abandon your anxieties and be a good parent / Allen Lane

[journal] Giesselmann, M. / 2018 / Motherhood and mental well-being in Germany : Linking a longitudinal life course design and the gender perspective on motherhood / Advances in Life Course Research 37 : 31~41

[report] Gimenez-Nadal, J. I. / 2016 / Intensive mothering and well-being: The role of education and child care activity / Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)

[journal] Greenstein, T. N. / 1996 / Husbands'participation in domestic labor : Interactive effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies / Journal of Marriage and Family 58(3) : 585~595

[journal] Gunderson. J. / 2017 / Emotional cost of emotional support? The association between intensive mothering and psychological well-being in midlife / Journal of Family Issues 38(7) : 9921009~

[book] Hair, J. / 2010 / Multivariate data analysis / Pearson Education

[book] Hays, S. / 1996 / The cultural contradictions of motherhood / Yale University Press

[journal] Hermanto, N. / 2016 / The social mentality theory of selfcompassion and self-reassurance : The interactive effect of care-seeking and caregiving / The Journal of Social Psychology 156(5) : 523~535

[journal] Higgins, E. T. / 1987 / Self-discrepancy : A theory relating self and affect / Psychological Review 94(3) : 319~340

[journal] Hobfoll, S. E. / 1989 / Conservation of resources : A new attempt at conceptualizing stress / American Psychologist 44(3) : 513~524

[journal] Huebener, M. / 2021 / Parental well-being in times of Covid-19in Germany / Review of Economics of the Household 19(1) : 91~122

[journal] Keyes, C. L. M. / 2002 / The mental health continuum : From languishing to flourishing in life / Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43(2) : 207~222

[journal] Keyes, C. L. / 2008 / Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form(MHC–SF)in setswana-speaking South Africans / Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 15(3) : 181~192

[book] Kline, R. B. / 2011 / Principles and practice of structural equation modeling / The Guilford Press

[book] Kohut, H. / 1971 / The analysis of the self / International Universities Press

[book] Kohut, H. / 1977 / The restoration of the self / International Universities Press

[journal] Kowal, M. / 2020 / Who is the most stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic? Data from 26 countries and areas / Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being 12(4) : 946~966

[journal] Lamers, S. M. / 2011 / Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form(MHC-SF) / Journal of Clinical Psychology 67(1) : 99~110

[journal] Lewis, H. B. / 1971 / Shame and guilt in neurosis / Psychoanalytic Review 58(3) : 419~438

[journal] Liss, M. / 2013 / Development and validation of a quantitative measure of intensive parenting attitudes / Journal of Child and Family Studies 22(5) : 621~636

[journal] López, A. / 2015 / A reconsideration of the Self-Compassion Scale’s total score : Self-compassion versus self-criticism / PloS One 10(7) : e0132940~

[journal] Loyal, D. / 2017 / Mothering ideology and work involvement in late pregnancy : A clustering approach / Journal of Child and Family Studies 26(10) : 2921~2935

[journal] Masten, A. S. / 2020 / Multisystem resilience for children and youth in disaster : Reflections in the context of COVID-19 / Adversity and Resilience Science 1(2) : 95~106

[journal] Mehr, K. E. / 2016 / Self-compassion as a mediator of maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms in college students / Journal of College Student Psychotherapy 30(2) : 132~145

[journal] Miller, C. L. / 2020 / Understanding the role of mother guilt and self-compassion in health behaviors in mothers with young children / Women & Health 60(7) : 763~775

[journal] Mosewich, A. D. / 2019 / Self-compassion in the stress process in women athletes / The Sport Psychologist 33(1) : 23~34

[journal] Neff, K. D. / 2003 / The development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion / Self and Identity 2(3) : 223~250

[journal] Neff, K. D. / 2003 / Self-compassion : An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself / Self and Identity 2(2) : 85~101

[journal] Neff, K. D. / 2015 / Selfcompassion and well-being in parents of children with autism / Mindfulness 6(4) : 938~947

[journal] Neff, K. D. / 2007 / Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning / Journal of Research in Personality 41(1) : 139~154

[journal] Neff, K. D. / 2019 / Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples : Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores / Psychological Assessment 31(1) : 27~45

[journal] Nelson, S. K. / 2014 / The pains and pleasures of parenting: When, why, and how is parenthood associated with more or less well-being? / Psychological Bulletin 140(3) : 846~895

[journal] Nomaguchi, K. / 2020 / Parenthood and well-being : A decade in review / Journal of Marriage and Family 82(1) : 198~223

[journal] Pearlin, L. I. / 1989 / The sociological study of stress / Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30(3) : 241~256

[journal] Pearlin, L. I. / 1997 / The forms and mechanisms of stress proliferation : The case of AIDS caregivers / Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38(3) : 223~236

[journal] Pfefferbaum, B. / 2020 / Mental health and the Covid-19pandemic / New England Journal of Medicine 383(6) : 510~512

[journal] Rizzo, K. M. / 2013 / Insight into the parenthood paradox : Mental health outcomes of intensive mothering / Journal of Child and Family Studies 22(5) : 614~620

[journal] Robinson, S. / 2018 / Self-compassion and psychological distress in parents of young people and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities / Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 31(3) : 454~458

[journal] Schiffrin, H. H. / 2014 / Mother, father, or parent? College students’ intensive parenting attitudes differ by referent / Journal of Child and Family Studies 23(6) : 1073~1080

[book] Seligman, M. E. P. / 2002 / Handbook of positive psychology / Oxford University Press : 3~13

[journal] Simpson, K. M. / 2021 / Put my mask on first: Mothers’ reactions to prioritizing health behaviours as a function of selfcompassion and fear of self-compassion / Journal of Health Psychology : 1~8

[journal] Sirois, F. M. / 2015 / Self-compassion, stress, and coping in the context of chronic illness / Self and Identity 14(3) : 334~347

[journal] Smith, L. / 2020 / Correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression and mental wellbeing associated with COVID-19 : A crosssectional study of UK-based respondents / Psychiatry Research 291 : 113138~

[journal] Stoeber, J. / 2020 / Perfectionism, (self-)compassion, and subjective well-being : A mediation model / Personality and Individual Differences 154 : 109708~

[journal] Taylor, S. E. / 2007 / Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health / Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 3 : 377~401

[journal] Wall, G. / 2010 / Mothers' experiences with intensive parenting and brain development discourse / Women's Studies International Forum 33(3) : 253~263

[web] World Health Organization / 2020 / Mental health and COVID-19 / https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/covid-19

[journal] Yarnell, L. M. / 2019 / Gender differences in self-compassion : Examining the role of gender role orientation / Mindfulness 10(6) : 1136~1152

[journal] Zessin, U. / 2015 / The relationship between self compassion and well-being : A meta analysis / Applied Psychology : Health and Well-Being 7(3) : 340~364

KJCKorea
Journal Central

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67

The relationship between the intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being: Double mediating effect of self-compassion and parenting stress

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67

The relationship between the intensive mothering ideology and mental well-being: Double mediating effect of self-compassion and parenting stress

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Statistics

Tools

Issue List

Citation status

KCI Citation Counts (6)

REFERENCES (114) * References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Search PDF

Citation

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.