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Enactment of the Garrison Decree in 1950 and the 'Rediscovery' of it in 1965

  • International Journal of Glocal Language and Literary Studies(약칭: IGLL)
  • Abbr : IGLL
  • 2023, (14), pp.207~231
  • DOI : 10.23073/riks.2023..14.007
  • Publisher : Glocal Institute of Language and Literary Studies(GILLS)
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : September 15, 2023
  • Accepted : October 15, 2023
  • Published : October 31, 2023

Hyukeun KWON 1

1안동대학교 안동문화연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study historically analyzes the origins and use of the Wisuryeong(garrison decree) to mobilize the military to suppress protests in modern Korean history. Promulgated as Presidential Decree No. 296 on March 27, 1950, the Wisuryeong was modeled after the Japanese Meiji era’s Wisuryeong. The ordinance was originally enacted to take over the local defense functions of the existing jintai system when the jintai system was abolished and the division system was implemented, and reflected the situation where the jintai played a role in maintaining local security, guarding military facilities, and monitoring military aircraft due to the absence of gendarmes and the lack of a police force in the process of establishing governmental subdivisions after the Meiji Restoration. Th e Syngman Rhee government had enacted and promulgated the ordinance, which was modeled after the Japanese Wisuryeong, in order to intervene in public security and monitor military fl ags in a situation of political turmoil and military expansion after the Yeosun incident. However, during the Korean War, Wisuryeong was largely abandoned, as the Korean War front frequently shifted and martial law was declared at all times, making it diffi cult to enforce Wisuryeong, which stipulated military security in certain areas. Furthermore, after the armistice, the South Korean army was reorganized into 20 divisions, and rear-guard duties were assigned to the Military District Command and Reserve Divisions under the Second Army. As a result, the Wisu Order was largely forgotten. In 1965, Park Chung-hee’s government, faced with opposition to the signing and ratifi cation of the Korea-Japan Agreement, invoked the “forgotten” Wisuryeong as an alternative to declaring martial law. Worried about the political fallout of declaring martial law again a year after the June 3 Incident, Park sought to mobilize the military in a non-martial law manner. Wisuryeong was convenient to use because it provided for the use of arms and the right to arrest, and most importantly, it provided that the Seoul Metropolitan Police Command, the main protest suppression force in Seoul, became the Wisuryeong Command and could command fi eld units mobilized from the forward areas.

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