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Youth Movement in Seosen Area in 1920’s

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2010, (99), pp.261-297
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Lee sung woo 1

1충남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The 1920s saw the emergence of various youth organizations across the Korean Peninsula. In Seosan alone such organizations as the Seosan Youth Association, Taean Youth Association, the Seosan Brance of the Cheondogyo Youth Association, and the Seosan Ebwit Youth Association were formed. Considering the boom in youth organizations being formed across the nation, Seosan saw relatively few organizations, whose most remarkable activities during this period were limited to promoting the ‘Culture Movement’ of the day and hosting itinerary lecture circuits by the Tokyo Branch of the Cheondogyo Youth Association and the Joseon Youth Association. From the mid-1920s on, socialism swept up the youth movements. Socialism was first introduced to the Seosan region in 1924 by Lee Jong-man, who was Cheondogyo bishop of Seosan at the time and who frequently interacted with the socialists of the Cheondogyo Old Guard. In and around 1924, teen and labor movement organizations were created in Seoul to further promote the cause of socialism. Other youth organizations were formed as well, including the Seoryeong Youth Association, Haemi Youth Association, Haemi Hyeongpyeong Youth Association, and Taean Hyeongpyeong Youth Association. With the exception of Seoryeong and Haemi Youth Associations, most of these new organizations were relatively inactive, however. The Taean Youth Association, which also adopted an socialist line, noticeably reduced its activities after 1925. While the Seoryeong Youth Association was created as a radical organization, it could not act as a radical youth association since its major figures came from the local landholding class. While some revolutionary figures sought to transform the association by incorporating it into the labor movement, most of its activities were confined to running night schools and holding lectures and debates geared towards popular enlightenment. In late 1927, the radical organizations that appeared in Seosan included the Seoryeong Youth Association and the Haemi Labor Union that sought to eradicate the class system. With the organization of the Seosan Labor Youth Association in January 1928, the proletariat movement spread fast among the youth associations, with local district organizations being formed. The activities of the Seosan Labor Youth Association culminated in the organization of the Seosan Youth Federation in August of the same year. Even though the federation was created as a single central youth organization to encompass all other similar organizations in Seosan, it failed to bring all the youth organizations under its fold. The young people of Seosan also succeeded in creating the Seosan Branch of the Shinganhoe, which was a federation of all nationalist organizations for the United Nationalist Movement. The leaders and executives of existing youth organizations in Seosan played a vital role in creating the Seosan branch of the Shinganhoe. The youth organizations in Seosan conformed to the ‘new movement policy’ of the Joseon Youth Federation.

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