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Tanmun and Bowonsa-temple in Early Goryeo

Jung Byung Sam 1

1숙명여자대학교

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ABSTRACT

The period of King Gwangjong in early Goryeo, the Buddhist operating system was established. The Buddhist monastic examinations was held for the first time, and those who passed this examinations were given the dharma ranks, and the ranks were devided to Gyojong, doctrinal school, and Seonjong, meditation school. They could get the head position of temples and important roles in Buddhist order. Even they got economic properties afrer. King Gwangjong held preferential treatments to venerable monks and supported new trends of harmonious thought which combound Gyo and Seon. Tanmun lived very actively during this period. He was a most important monk of Hwaeom school. And he competed with Gyunyeo who wrote several important notes of Hwaeom thought. Tanmun and Gyunyeo compared in religious life and academic activity. They also had eccentric powers which joined to King. Tanmun showed eminent praying power in birth of prince, get rid of harmful insects and pray for crown prince. And he took the lead in Buddhist council which celebrating accession to the throne of King Hyejong and Jeongjong, and Buddhist council of Tripitaka held at palace. Tanmun was the first monk who became the Wangsa, teacher of the King and Guksa, teacher of the state in doctrinal school. When he became the Wangsa, Hyegeo of meitation school became the Guksa. This situation means that monastic examinations and the Buddhist operating system were operated with two branches of Gyojong and Seonjong. Gyunyeo also had a relationship with royal family to treat Queen’s disease and stop the continuous rain and lighting. And he wrote several important Hwaeom notes and established organization of Hwaeom thought and presented with the idea of the Hwaeom absoluteism. Tanmun showed the most important activity of doctrinal school, but it is hard to find the new trend of harmonization of Gyo and Seon even the general trends of early Goryeo Buddism was the harmonization of them. Tanmun lived hje most life at Guryongsansa temple near Gaegyeong and Bowonsa temple in Seosan of Chungcheong province. In the periods of King Hyejong and Jeongjong, Tanmun lived at Guryongsansa and connected with royal court. But in King Gwangjong’s period, he lived at Bowonsa which is far away from royal court. In Bowonsa, Tanmun made Buddhist statue and pagoda to pray for King Gwangjong. In late life he lived at Gwibeopsa as a Wangsa, and retired to Bowonsa and died. Bowonsa was one of most important temple of Hwaeom, and in Silla period there was a state vinaya system. Tanmun lectured in this Bowonsa, and he put forth great effort to manage the temple. In early King Gwangjong’s period, Tanmun made Buddhist statue and pagoda at this Bowonsa. So the eminent evidence of making objects of Buddhist service which connected to royal court is a meaningful event.

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