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The Development Process and Characteristics of the Yiyeopsa Farm Tenancy Disputes in Okgu, Jeollabuk-do in the Late 1920s

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2021, (142), pp.117-162
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : May 16, 2021
  • Accepted : May 31, 2021
  • Published : June 30, 2021

CHOI EUN JIN 1

1국사편찬위원회

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Yiyeopsa was a typical colonial agricultural company in colonial Chosun under the joint management of Japanese landowners. Yiyeopsa was receiving support from colonial authorities while actively following their agricultural policies such as making efforts towards farming improvements for agricultural production increases in colonial Chosun and the promotion of agricultural exports to Japan. As a result, Yiyeopsa farms dealt with high farm rent rates, which was an inevitable tenancy problem of the colonial landlord system. Under the colonial landlord system, landlords generally collected high farm rent rates and sold great quantities of agricultural products to markets, which were sent to Japan by traders, creating structural exploitation. At this, the Yiyeopsa Farm tenancy disputes in Okgu began in 1927 with executives of the Seosu branch of the Okgu Farmers Association as key members and this naturally became an anti-Japanese movement and developed into an independent movement. There were more than 200 members in the Seosu branch of the Okgu Farmers Association and it is noteworthy that over 300 people including them and ordinary tenants voluntarily participated in the tenancy disputes. However, colonial authorities quickly arrested involved parties with policemen set at the head and prosecutors indicted 34 defendants to the Gunsan branch of the Jeonju District Court, which was the highest number ever, all of whom were found guilty and sentenced to prison in court. The fact that the Okgu Farmers Association caused the tenancy disputes at the orders of the Corean Communist Youth Association can be considered to show that the Yiyeopsa Farm tenancy disputes in Okgu were intentionally developed from the beginning with the characteristics of an independent movement. In addition, after the tenancy disputes, social groups such as regional labor groups and youth organizations unified and they worked for fact finding, problem resolution, and participant support. Also, as news of the tenancy disputes reached Tokyo, Japan, others tried to expand the farmers association to fight back against and promote liberation from the political pressure and economic exploitation of Japanese imperialism and their distributions of written declarations led to movements of communism.

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