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Aftermath of the Riot Control Training under the Chang Myon government and Establishment of the Capital Defense Command after the May 16th Coup

Kwon Hyukeun 1

1역사문제연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the background and contents of the military riot control training in early 1961, and examines the impact of the establishment of the Capital Defense Command after the May 16th coup on the military’s riot control structure. The arguments of this paper are as follows. First, the riot control training that the May 16th coup forces tried to take an advantage of was part of a police-military riot control training jointly organized by Chang Myon government, the U.S. country team, and the UNC. The various U.S. agencies stationed in Korea actually intervened deeply in the response of Chang Myon government to the unification movement, which was also involved in the expansion and reproduction of the ‘March-April crisis’ rumor. This paper argues that the crisis experienced by Chang Myon government was self-inflicted at first, and that the United States was also deeply involved in it. Second, the riot control training of military at the time reflects the military’s riot control structure before the May 16th coup. The meaning of the establishment of the Capital Defense Command after the May 16th coup can be also grasped through a review of the training content. Before the May 16th coup, it was essential to mobilize field divisions to suppress large-scale demonstration. However, after the May 16th coup, the 30th and 33rd Reserve Division and the 1st Airborne Group, which were located near Seoul and had security duties, walked out of the UNC’s operational control, and the establishment of the Capital Defense Command based on the unit allowed the Park Chung-hee administration to have considerable discretion in preventing reverse coups as well as riot control operation.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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