2022, Vol., No.147

Usan-guk’s Surrender and the Sea Route to Silla

Choi, Hee-joon | 2022, (147) | pp.5~40 | number of Cited : 2

Transnational Reading of Remaking of East Asian Global Order in Late 14th Century Koryŏ, Hobaldo(胡拔都 Qubatu)’s Invasion in King Wu’s era, and Yi Sŏnggye

Daham Chong | 2022, (147) | pp.41~86 | number of Cited : 0

The statecraft of the Middle Joseon in case of Song Si-Yeol

Oh Hang Nyeong | 2022, (147) | pp.87~126 | number of Cited : 3

“Another Type of Females” who lived through the Confucian culture of the late Joseon period –Analysis of the ‘Remarried Females(改嫁)’ cases, and their Meaning-

LEEJUNGMIN | 2022, (147) | pp.127~166 | number of Cited : 2

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Examined in this article are the “remarried females,” who in academic studies were often sidelined by the so-called Yeol’nyeo figures, as they led lives that did not necessarily align with the Confucian atmosphere of the Joseon society. According to previous practices, and sometimes due to social needs, these females either chose to remarry someone or were involuntarily pulled into an unwanted remarriage. In either case, the state’s policy of encouraging female chastity and the Confucian Joseon society’s negative view of them made their lives very difficult. Examination of females who decided to get remarried, both widows and married ones, reveals certain characteristics such as the fact that not only widows but also married ones all chose to remarry, and that many of the remarried females were from the commoner class and below. It is also revealed that while there were indeed remarriages based on mutual consent, there were also many unilaterial, forcible cases in which the females were literally kidnapped(“Bossam”) and coerced to get remarried. This seems like the poor widowers’ brutal, barbaric response to the increasing number of females who were hesitant to get married again. To make matters worse, some people in the society even regarded remarriages as another form of adultery, further complicating the remarried females’ lives. Even when a female got properly remarried they were unfairly treated by their contemporaries, and even females who got remarried after they were abandoned by their husbands were vulnerable to arbitrary lawsuits filed by their ex-husbands. In the meantime, the state only promoted female fidelity and the chastity of Yeol’nyeo figures. The kings ignored some governmental officials’ plead for issuing a state-wide permission for female remarriages, while neither doing anything to ban female remarriages, nor putting an end to violent coersions of the males. Females who refused to be pulled into an unwanted marriage were left alone to risk their lives.

An Analysis on Court Writers at State Tribunal in Late Chosŏn : A Focus on Regulations and Case Studies of Court Writers

LEE, Ha-kyoung | 2022, (147) | pp.167~200 | number of Cited : 1

Aftermath of the Riot Control Training under the Chang Myon government and Establishment of the Capital Defense Command after the May 16th Coup

Kwon Hyukeun | 2022, (147) | pp.201~236 | number of Cited : 3

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Was a Skill-Preferred Society Possible? Attempts to Unify the National Technical Qualification System in the 1970s and the ‘Paradox’

Jang, MiHyun | 2022, (147) | pp.237~272 | number of Cited : 1

This paper aims to examine the process, meaning, and period/institutional characteristics of the change from the 1967 Skill Examination System to the 1970s National Technical Qualification System (NTQS). Specifically, it sought to examine how this system was perceived by the government, craftsmen, and companies that are consumers of licenses. Basically, NTQS was designed to enable both horizontal and vertical promotions in the technical field, from technician to engineer, and within technician. However, NTQS prioritized on the rank of engineers over technicians and linked the education level of high school and university graduates, so its attempt to relativize the education system was thus more likely to trigger the motivation to increase one’s educational level. The government, which could not force private firms to give preference to license holders, introduced special exception from the military service, preferential policies for higher education, and government-invested institutions and government-affiliated firms. Among them, the military service exception and preferential admission policy effectively encouraged youth craftsmen, who were subject to inspections at the time, to acquire a technician license. However, calling craftsmen Industrial Engineer in the sense of respecting them did not immediately elevate their social status. Although the government-led policies produced short-term effects, the social culture placing importance on educational level did not easily change as the government’s intent. Unless the work conditions of craftsmen or technicians in production improved and their rights were guaranteed, even if craftsmen were called technicians and they upgraded their skills and technical qualifications, this could not create a society giving preferential treatment to craftsmen. As a result, excellent youth craftsmen who enjoyed special exception from the military service and admissions privileges aimed to obtain a college degree rather than a promotion and did not agree that a skill-preferred society was realized even if an individual was no longer a craftsmen

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The Review of Korean History 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.02

2022, Vol., No.147