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Nationalism and the “Early Modern Joseon” Thesis in Korean Academia in the 1970s: A Reinterpretation of Neo-Confucianism

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2026, (161), pp.203~248
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : February 15, 2026
  • Accepted : March 16, 2026
  • Published : March 30, 2026

Jeongwan Hong 1

1연세대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In the period surrounding the conclusion of the 1964–65 Korea–Japan Treaty, Korean academia increasingly sought to explain the distinctiveness of Korean nationalism from a modern perspective by tracing it historically through the axis of foreign relations. This trend reinforced negative evaluations of the Joseon dynasty, particularly its commitment to sadae(事大) toward Ming China, and of Neo-Confucianism as the ideological foundation of its rule. In response, two reinterpretations emerged. One, drawing on Miyazaki Ichisada’s theory of the “early modern East,” recast Zhu Xi learning as a nationalist ideology and the Joseon dynasty as part of a subject-centered national history. The other distinguished sadaejuui(事大主義) from sadae and mohwa(慕華), redefining mohwa as an autonomous appropriation of advanced culture and thereby reassessing the Joseon dynasty as a vehicle for the development of national culture. Together, these reinterpretations produced an alternative narrative of national history that could compete with the Park Chung-hee regime’s vision of a “subjective” national past.

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