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The Governing Liaodong(遼東經略) of Ming and the relations between Joseon and Ming in the Hong-wu, the Founder of Ming, period

KyeoungLok Kim 1

1국방부군사편찬연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The Ming Dynasty is the history of Chinese lasted by Han established unified dynasty, in its founding to destruction in more than 200 years, the edge of the Liaodong army has always being a special group to defend the borders of the existence. During the political rapid changes period when Yuan(元) was replace by Ming(明), the Liadong(遼東) was transformed from the Yuan world order(元 中心 國際秩序) to the Ming world order(明 中心 國際秩序). In this process, various political forces on the Liadong showed strong differentiation of the centrifugal forces of the individual forces rather than the gathering of the forces centered on North-Yuan(北元). In the end of Yuan era, Emperor Hong-wu(洪武帝), who had solved the problems of the times and pursued a central centralized system of emperors, failed to concentrate on the Liadong despite its strategic importance due to various issues at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. The Liadong was dominated by Liao-yang Branch Secretariats(遼陽行省) during the Yuan Dynasty, but in reality it was a region where various forces such as Mongolia(蒙古), Jurchen(女眞), Khitan(契丹), Goryo(高麗) and Han(漢族) were present. In particular, the proximity to Goryo and the large number of Goryo dynasties emigrated from the Liadong were closely related to Goryo. This close relationship was also the cause of Koryo's relationship with Yuan Dynasty during the period of replacing Yuan with Ming. Emperor Hong-wu, who established certain achievements of the Yuan Dynasty and the ruling system of the emperor internally, promoted the full-scale governing Liadong from the 20th year of Hong-wu. He suppressed the Yuan Dynasty and continued to pursue a policy of conciliation against the Jurchen living in the east of the Liadong. However, the fundamental limitation of the governing Liadong was that rule of military government center of Liadong Regional Military Commission(遼東都司) was deceitful, such as conciliating the Jurchen and awarding office. This was not direct control, but indirect control, which made it impossible to secure the stability of government. The reason for the limited governance centered on the Liadong Regional Military Commission of emperor Hong-wu originated from the international recognition of emperor Hong-wu. In the meantime, he took a jurisdiction over the Liadong and the Jurchen and pushed for a coercive policy of diplomatic pressure on Joseon by causing a conflict with newly established Joseon.

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