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The Process for Development of the reserve forces mobilization system of the R.O.K Army during the period of the first republic in Korea between 1948-1960

  • military history
  • 2020, (114), pp.1-36
  • DOI : 10.29212/mh.2020..114.1
  • Publisher : Military History Institute, MND
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : January 3, 2020
  • Accepted : February 18, 2020
  • Published : March 15, 2020

Yoon Si-won 1

1성균관대학교 동아시아역사연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The conscription system of Korea was established by the 1949 military service law. In the process of institutional stabilization of the draft system, the establishment of a reserve manpower mobilization system has played an important role. During the period of the first Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Defense suffered trial and error over the years to form a reserve power mobilization system. The first stage is the formation of the National Gurad. The National Guard was essentially the type volunteer military system borrowed by the US National Guard system. As a result, the Military Service Act was declared in 1949, and conscription was introduced systematically. In the long term, if the reserves were discharged through conscription, the National Guard that recruited civilians had no basis for existence. In addition, it was difficult to keep the National Guard forces smoothly due to the lack of material base in the early days of the military. Due to the lack of manpower to train and the equipment necessary for training, the military functions of National Guard were limited. Because of this, the National Guard was disbanded in 1950. The ROK Ministry of Defense attempted to reestablish the reserve mobilization system after the intervention of the Chinese communist army during Korean War. The Ministry of Defense mobilized the 2nd grade to form the National Defense Forces and foster them as reserve forces. The National Defense Forces based upon the characteristics of conscription system. However, the National Defense Forces dismantled in a short period of time without sufficient preparation, causing a lot of controversy. Since then, the organization of the National Defense Forces has been transformed into labor divisions. The Department of Defense organized a Citizen Armed Forces in 1953, learning from the failure of the national defense forces. In 1955, however, the Army organized 10 reserve divisions and the Citizen Armed Forces lost its ground for existence. The Ministry of Defense has unified reserve power mobilization into the command system of itself through the Reserve Division. The Citizen Armed Forces dismantled naturally as an efficient reserve power mobilization system was established. The establishment of the Army's reserve division was an opportunity to complete the reserve mobilization system within the framework of the draft system. Personnel trained in military service as active duty soldiers were able to be regularly called up into the reserve division to receive military education after they returned to society. As a result, the conscription system of Korea could be completed.

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