2024, Vol., No.80

The semantic orientation of “mo” as a universal quantization operator in the Japanese “1 quantifier (noun) + negation” structure

郭蓉菲 , 徐千玥 | 2024, (80) | pp.5~22 | number of Cited : 0

Consideration of calls for evacuation in NHK disaster coverage: Comparing the disaster special broadcasts of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake

kim jong wan | 2024, (80) | pp.22~44 | number of Cited : 1

In this article, we analyzed NHK's special disaster broadcasts that were on the air during the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the Noto Peninsula Earthquake in 2024, and found the following. (1) In 2011, informational discourses attempted to convey the dangers of earthquakes and tsunamis mainly by using utterances to explain the situation. However, in the case of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, they primarily used specific alert statements to warn of the dangers of earthquakes and tsunamis. (2) Regarding call-to-action utterances, in the 2024 materials, after an utterance that called for evacuation, utterances with a high level of urgency such as “never stop or turn back” were used, and utterances with a high level of urgency were used to call for evacuation to a safe place. (3) Regarding utterances that called for evacuation, during the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the expression “Please evacuate to safe high ground as soon as possible” was repeatedly used. However, in the analysis materials for 2024, expressions with a high degree of urgency and explicitness, such as “Run to the highest possible place immediately,” were used, and the frequency of expressions was three times higher than that in 2011. Furthermore, as tsunami warnings changed to major tsunami warnings and the situation became more serious, expressions calling for evacuation changed from request expressions to command expressions, such as “Please run away immediately!” → “Evacuate now!” (4) Finally, compared to that in 2011, text information in 2024 covered the entire screen of the broadcast video, and text information rather than live footage of the tsunami was used to warn of the dangers of tsunamis. Furthermore, by displaying expressions that called for evacuation such as “Tsunami! Evacuation!, Tsunami! Evacuate!, EVACUATE! Tsunami! Evacuate!” directly on the broadcast screen, residents who were watching TV were actively asked to evacuate.

A trial of using opinion-writing evaluation rubrics and future challenges: Focusing on the ‘Logic and writing in teaching Japanese as a foreign language’

kim hyon ju | 2024, (80) | pp.45~64 | number of Cited : 0

A study of evasion strategies used by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan based on transcripts of press conferences: Focusing on the explicitness and implicitness that differ in two themes of the press conferences

金稀玉 , 王怡雅 | 2024, (80) | pp.65~83 | number of Cited : 0

Aspects of predicate repetition constructions in Japanese typed language: Using the “Hatsugen Komachi” data collection

徐敏徹 | 2024, (80) | pp.85~104 | number of Cited : 0

What do we owe to context?: Incomplete sentences and differences in communication between Japan and Korea

윤성희 | 2024, (80) | pp.105~122 | number of Cited : 1

This paper examines data on what will be referred to as “incomplete sentences” in Japanese and Korean, in order to analyze what parts of communication become context-dependent, and how this leads to cultural differences in this regard between Japanese and Korean communication styles. It begins by defining what it means for a sentence to be incomplete, and argues, based on this definition, that contrasting examples from Japanese and Korean provide clues to find some differences in how speakers of the two languages communicate. When constructing a sentence to convey a given message, including all potential information related to this message is highly inefficient. This means that it is more economic to omit or retain certain components, depending on what aspects of the message the speaker deems important to convey. These choices around what to include result in actual communication involving a wide range of many different types of sentences—from those with subjects and predicates to those missing some elements, even down to one-word sentences like “Ball!” Moreover, when a part or all of a predicate is truncated, certain morphosyntactic constraints arise from the elimination, limiting the range of meanings and functions that might be explicitly represented through linguistic encoding. Such examples of incomplete predicates can be observed in various genres in both spoken and written forms in the two languages; however, the phenomenon is more frequent and pervasive in Japanese than in Korean. This fact suggests that Japanese tends to underrepresent certain information typically encoded in the predicate, such as actions or events, compared to Korean. Information that is not explicitly encoded requires inference based on context, which, in turn, leads to some of the well-known differences in communication styles between the two cultures, such as the common perception by Japanese people that Koreans speak very directly.

About the characteristics and actual usages of onomatopoeia expressing "硬さ(katasa)"

葉書辰 | 2024, (80) | pp.123~144 | number of Cited : 0

A contrastive study on the level of influence from English to Japanese and Korean

今村圭介 , 孫美貞 , 李承珉 and 2 other persons | 2024, (80) | pp.145~163 | number of Cited : 0

The meaning of ‘yatto, youyaku’, and ‘tsuini, toutou’: Focusing on realis

정병민 | 2024, (80) | pp.165~189 | number of Cited : 0

The purpose of this study is to judge the meanings of the Japanese adverbs ‘yatto’, ‘youyaku’, ‘tsuini’ and ‘toutou’ from the perspective of realis, and to clarify how to differentiate their use. Until now, these adverbs have been treated as those indicating the length of time required or containing the element of considerable effort. However, the differentiation of these adverbs cannot be made clear by ‘length of time’ or ‘effort’. Therefore, this study first clarified that ‘yatto,’ ‘youyaku,’ ‘tsuini,’ and ‘toutou’ are adverbs that commonly express ‘realis.’ ‘Yatto’ is defined as an adverb of manner that indicates that there were difficulties in the process but it was barely realized, and ‘youyaku’ indicates that the process progressed gradually and was realized. ‘Yatto’ is named ‘difficult process’ and ‘youyaku’ is named ‘gradual process.’ Although ‘yatto’ and ‘youyaku’ have minor differences in meaning, both are treated as one group because they represent ‘the process of becoming a reality.’ When ‘yatto’ and ‘youyaku’ focus more on the state of affairs rather than its realization, they take on the meaning of ‘barely,’ indicating that the establishment of the situation was in jeopardy. ‘Tsuini’ and ‘toutou’ are defined as ‘result arrival’ that represent ‘the aspect of the result of a situation establishment,’ when the speaker has arrived at a stage (result) to which meaning is attributed. In the case of ‘tsuini’ and ‘toutou,’ it is possible to co-occur with a negative predicate. However, the co-occurrence of ‘tsuini’ and ‘toutou’ with a negative form does not indicate non-realization, but rather represents that the stage specified by the speaker has reached a meaningful phase (result), and it is appropriate to deal with it within the category of ‘realis.’ The clearest distinction between the two groups is when they are used in dependent clause of complex sentences. Conjunctions such as ‘~noni’, ‘~kara’, ‘~to’ only express the ‘process’ leading up to the ‘result’ of the main clause, and thus can only co-occur with ‘yatto’ or ‘youyaku’. For ‘tsuini’ or ‘toutou’ to be used in the dependent clause of a complex sentence, they need to co-occur with conjunctions that can be interpreted as both ‘result’ and ‘process’, such as ‘~te’ or ‘~mama’.

Features of an improvement-request utterance in Korean, Chinese and Japanese from a pragmatic perspective: By analyzing adjacent pair conversations

JungHyunAa | 2024, (80) | pp.191~210 | number of Cited : 0

Language education practices for an inclusive society: Human Library on the theme of “Majority-ness of the Japanese People”

福村真紀子 , 本間祥子 , 中川正臣 | 2024, (80) | pp.211~233 | number of Cited : 0

KJCKorea
Journal Central

The Japanese Language Association of Korea 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.0

2024, Vol., No.80