Exploring a learnfare mechanism to link practical education to labor market in Active Labour Market Policies: A Danish case of the Flexicurity Model transformation (덴마크 적극적 노동시장정책(ALMP)의 실용교육 기제 탐색: 유연안전성 모형의 변환 사례)

Hee Kyung  Choi (최희경)

Exploring a learnfare mechanism to link practical education to labor market in Active Labour Market Policies: A Danish case of the Flexicurity Model transformation

Journal of the Scandinavian Society of Korea
Abbr : JSSK
2021, (27), pp.41~94
Publisher : The Scandinavian Society of Korea
Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > North Europe(Scandinavian)
Received : June 1, 2021
Accepted : July 2, 2021
Published : June 30, 2021

Hee Kyung Choi ¹

¹경북대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study explores a learnfare mechanism to link practical education to labor market in Denmark, focusing on transformation of the Flexicurity Model with three components of flexible labor market, social security and Active Labor Market Policy (ALMP). Since 1990s, the basic axis of ‘the golden triangle’ has shifted from connecting social security and the labor market to linking ALMP and the labor market, a new critical factor being practical education. This manuscript attempts to examine the nature and the process of the ALMP and the educational systems to strengthen it. In Danish vocational education and training system (VET), one can witness remarkable, workable cooperation between labor market and educational system, with its programs pragmatically responding to local demand of innovation and development. Key components of the VET can be hands-on training with local flavor and active participation of stakeholders. The VET’s work-based education such as internship or on-the-job training amounts up to 50∼75% of the entire programs. Social partners in the programs, including trade unions, employers, and local authorities, have officially and/or informally been engaged in planning, implementing and auditing the training programs. Notably, the approach in general education emphasizing entrepreneurship for primary and secondary schoolers inspires their potential for future jobs. Additionally, the paradigm of ‘Responsible University’ contributes to innovation and development of regional labor market. The Danish experiences can provide lessons to Korea, which despite a high level of education struggles to vitalize labor market in sustainable terms. Long overdue, a methodical design for practice-oriented education system merits consideration in order to embrace real world demand from both market and localities.

KEYWORDS

flexicurity, ALMP(Active Labor Market Policy), Denmark, vocational education and training(VET), learnfare, entrepreneurship, Responsible University

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.

[book] 김안국 / 2014 / 근로자 직업능력개발을 위한 노동조합의 역할과 과제 / 한국직업능력개발원

[journal] 김희동 / 2011 / Flexicurity Strategy in the EU and the Labour Law / 경제법연구 / 한국경제법학회 10(2) : 201~223

[report] 노동시장선진화기획단 / 2004 / 노동시장의 유연안전성 제고방안 / 한국노동연구원

[confproc] 박정호 / 2017 / 국내 기업가정신 교육의 실태조사 및 개선방향에 대한 연구 / 한국인적자원개발학회 학술연구발표회 발표논문집 9 : 27~49

[journal] 백민정 / 2017 / A Study on the Current status and the Educational Needs of Entrepreneurship Education Program : Focused on Elementary and Secondary School Teachers / 한국산학기술학회논문지 / 한국산학기술학회 18(12) : 564~574

[book] 이상희 / 2020 / 덴마크 등 주요국의 노동시장 유연안전성 국제 비교 및 시사점 / 한국경제연구원

[journal] 전병유 / 2016 / A Critical Review of Flexicurity Dialogue and Its Strategy / 산업노동연구 / 한국산업노동학회 22(1) : 1~35

[report] 정인수 / 2004 / 노동시장의 유연안전성 제고 방안 / 한국노동연구원

[journal] 정희정 / 2008 / 덴마크와 네덜란드의 유연안전성 모델 비교 / 국제노동브리프 6(3) : 23~36

[book] 최희경 / 2019 / 북유럽의 공공가치: 의료정책과 교육정책의 현장에서 / 한길사

[book] 최희경 / 2021 / 포용국가와 혁신경제: 이론, 사례, 이행전략 / 한국행정연구원 & 경제인문사회연구회 : 186~266

[web] Aarhus Universitet / 2019 / ICILS 2013 / / projekter.au.dk

[journal] Aarkrog, Vibe / 2020 / The standing and status of vocational education and training in Denmark / Journal of Vocational Education & Training 72(2) : 170~188

[book] Aasen, F. / 2016 / Tackling Denmark’s post-crisis labour market challenges / European Union

[journal] Andersen, T. M. / 2012 / A flexicurity labour market in the great recession : The case of Denmark / De Economist 160(2) : 117~140

[journal] Andersen, T. M. / 2007 / Flexicurity—labour market performance in Denmark / CESifo Economic Studies 53(3) : 389~429

[book] Arter, D. / 2016 / Scandinavian Politics Today / Manchester University Press

[report] Barnes, S. A. / 2020 / Lifelong guidance policy and practice in the EU : trends, challenges and opportunities / EC

[journal] Bazzani, T. / 2017 / Italy, Denmark and Germany : A comparative analysis in active and passive labour market policies / European Labour Law Journal 8(2) : 133~153

[journal] Bekker, S. / 2019 / The European flexicurity concept and the Dutch and Danish flexicurity models : How have they managed the Great Recession? / Social Policy & Administration 53(1) : 142~155

[confproc] Bengtsson, M. / 2012 / Transformation of labour market policies in the Nordic countries : towards a regime shift in Sweden and Denmark / ILERA World Congress

[report] Blache, G. / 2011 / Active labour market policies in Denmark : A comparative analysis of post-program effects / Maison des Sciences Économiques

[report] Boer, P. / 2005 / Indicators and benchmarks for lifelong guidance : Draft final report / Cedefop

[book] Borish, S. M. / 2004 / The Land of the Living : The Danish folk high schools and Denmark’s non-violent Path to modernization / Blue dolphin

[book] Bratton, J. / 2003 / Workplace learning : a critical introduction / Garamond Press

[journal] Bredgaard, T. / 2018 / Farewell flexicurity? Danish flexicurity and the crisis / European Review of Labour and Research 24(4) : 375~386

[journal] Burroni, L. / 2011 / Flexicurity : A conceptual critique / European Journal of Industrial Relations 17(1) : 75~91

[book] Cedefop / 2018 / Developments in vocational education and training policy in 2015-17 / Cedefop

[other] Danish Parliament. / 1993 / Law on an active employment policy. No. 434 / Folekinget

[book] EC(European Commission) / 2012 / Entrepreneurship education at school in Europe : national strategies, curricula and learning outcomes / EC

[book] EC(European Commission) / 2014 / PES business models study : country fiche Denmark / EC

[book] EC(European Commission) / 2019 / SBA Fact Sheet for Denmark / EC

[book] EC(European Commission) / 2020 / PES capacity questionnaire country factsheet : Denmark / ICON Institut

[book] EF EPI / 2020 / EF EPI(English Proficiency Index) / EF Education First Ltd

[journal] Elert, Anderson and Wennberg / 2015 / The impact of entrepreneurship education in high school on long-term entrepreneurial performance / Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 111 : 209~223

[report] EQAVET / 2016 / Report of Denmark spring 2016 / EQAVET

[book] EU / 2019 / SBA fact sheet for Denmark / European Commission

[journal] Fernandez-Urbano, R. / 2021 / No voice, no choice: assessing Danish active labour market policies using sen’s capability approach / Work, Employment and Society 35(1) : 178~188

[report] Fraillon, J. / 2014 / Preparing for life in a digital age : the IEA international computer and information literacy study international report / Springer Nature

[book] Geschwind, L. / 2019 / The Responsible University / Palgrave Macmillan : 3~29

[report] GOVERNMENT OF DENMARK / 2020 / 39th National Report on the implementation of the European Social Charter / THE GOVERNMENT OF DENMARK

[other] Hasselbalch, Ole / 2010 / The roots–the history of Nordic labour law / Stockholm Institute for Scandianvian Law

[journal] Heinesen, E. / 2013 / The effects of active labour market policies for immigrants receiving social assistance in Denmark / IZA Journal of Migration 2(1) : 1~22

[other] Hendeliowitz, J. / 2008 / Danish employment policy. national target setting, regional performance management and local delivery / Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand

[report] Høgelund, J. / 2002 / Active labour market policies for disabled people in Denmark

[journal] Huber, L. / 2014 / The effect of early entrepreneurship education : Evidence from a field experiment / European Economic Review 72(11) : 76~97

[book] ICON INSTITUT / 2020 / European network of public employment services / European Commission

[other] IMD / 2020 / IMD world competitiveness yearbook 2020 / IMD

[book] International Coaching Federation / 2019 / The Danish union of electricians / ICF

[book] Iversen, M. J. / 2009 / Economic integration of Danish business history 1850-2000 / Copenhagen Business School

[journal] Jørgensen, C. H. / 2016 / From apprenticeships to higher vocational education in Denmark–building bridges while the gap is widening / Journal of Vocational Education & Training 69(1) : 64~80

[book] Jørgensen, C. H. / 2018 / Vocational education and training in the Nordic countries : different systems and common challenges / Routledge

[book] Kananen, J. / 2016 / The Nordic welfare state in three eras : from emancipation to discipline / Ashgate Publishing

[book] Karlsen, J. / 2019 / The Responsible University / Palgrave Macmillan : 173~199

[book] Keil, Michael / 2008 / Union representation and training: The impact of union learning representatives and the factors influencing their effectiveness. human relations 64(3) / Routledge : 133~148

[book] Kohvakka, M. / 2019 / The Responsible University / Palgrave Macmillan : 33~60

[journal] Kvist, J. / 2007 / Danish Labour Market Activation Policies / National Institute Economic Review 202 : 99~112

[journal] Lang, J. J. / 2018 / International Variability in 20 M Shuttle Run Performance in Children and Youth : Who Are the Fittest from a 50-country Comparison? A Systematic Literature Review with Pooling of Aggregate Results / British Journal of Sports Medicine 52(4) : 276~287

[journal] Larsen, L. / 2018 / Balancing the esteem of vocational education and social inclusion in four Nordic countries / Vocational Education in the Nordic Countries 5 : 74~95

[book] Laursen, F. / 2020 / Denmark report: sustainable governance indicators 2020 / Bertelsmann Stiftung

[journal] Lind, J. / 2018 / Denmark : the long-lasting class compromise / Employee Relations 40(4) : 580~599

[book] Madsen, P. K. / 1999 / Denmark : Flexibility, security and labour market success / International Labor Organization

[other] Madsen, P. K. / 2005 / How can it possibly fly?: The paradox of a dynamic labour market in a Scandinavian welfare state / Center for Arbejdsmarkedsforskning, Carma

[journal] Madsen, P. K. / 2008 / Flexicurity in Danish : A model for labour market reform in Europe? / Intereconomics 43(2) : 75~

[journal] McAllister, A. / 2015 / Do ‘flexicurity’policies work for people with low education and health problems? A comparison of labour market policies and employment rates in Denmark, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom 1990–2010 / International Journal of Health Services 45(4) : 679~705

[book] Miller, J. W. / 2016 / World Literacy : How countries rank and why it matters / Routledge

[journal] Moberg / 2014 / Two Approaches to Entrepreneurship Education : The Different Effects of Education For and Through Entrepreneurship at the Lower Secondary Level / The International Journal of Management Education 12(3) : 512~528

[book] Moberg, K. / 2012 / Impact of entrepreneurship education in Denmark-2012 / The Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship–Young Enterprise

[book] Mokyr, Joel / 2006 / The Road to Prosperity: An Economic Hisotry of Finland Helsinki / EH.Net

[book] OECD / 2004 / Developing highly skilled workers : review of Denmark / Committee on Industry and Business Environment(CIBE)

[book] OECD / 2010 / OECD territorial reviews : Denmark / OECD Publishing

[book] OECD / 2011 / Country notes : Denmark. restoring public finances : 93-97 / OECD Publishing

[book] OECD / 2019 / Society at a glance / OECD Publishing

[book] OECD / 2020 / Education at a glance 2020 / OECD Publishing

[book] Plant, Peter / 2004 / Guidance corners and educational ambassadors in Denmark / Danish University of Education

[journal] Rosholm, M. / 2008 / The threat effect of active labour market programmes / scandinavian Journal of Economics 110(2) : 385~401

[book] School Education Gateway / 2015 / Entrepreneurship education in Denmark / EC

[report] Snyder, T. D. / 2019 / Digest of education statistics 2017 / National Center for Education Statistics

[other] SolAbility / 2020 / The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index 2020 / SolAbility

[other] star. dk / 2021 / Adult apprentice / Danish Agency for Labour Market and Recruitment

[book] Statistics Denmark / 2018 / Documentation of statistics for SME Access to Finance 2018 / Statistics Denmark

[book] Steen, A. / 2004 / Nordic Politics: Comparative Perspectives / Universitetsforlaget : 207~227

[report] Taylor-Gooby, P. / 2004 / The new context of welfare: state of the art paper for the FPV project: welfare reform and the management of societal change / European Commission

[book] The Heritage Foundation / 2020 / 2020 Index of Economic Freedom / The Heritage Foundation

[journal] Viebrock, E. / 2009 / Flexicurity and welfare reform : a review / Socio-Economic Review 7(2) : 305~331

[report] WEF(World Economic Forum) / 2019 / The global competitiveness report 2019 / World Economic Forum

[book] WEF(World Economic Forum) / 2020 / The global competitiveness report: how countries are performing on the road to recovery / World Economic Forum

[book] Westergaard-Nielsen, N. / 2001 / 20 years of labour market policies in Denmark / Government Institute for Economic Research

[journal] Wilthagen, T. / 2004 / The concept of ‘flexicurity’ : a new approach to regulating employment and labour markets / Transfer : European Review of labour and research 10(2) : 166~186

[other] WIPO / 2020 / Global innovation index 2020 / World Intellectual Property Organization

[web] AOF / 2021 / Courses / AOF Denmark / https://aof.dk/kurser/

[web] Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship / 2021 / Education / Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship / https://eng.ffe-ye.dk/education/primary-school

[web] Eurydice / 2021 / Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education / European Commission / https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/upper-secondary-and-post-secondary-non-tertiary-education-8_en

[web] IMF / 2008 / Denmark -- Concluding Statement of the 2008 IMF Mission / https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/52/mcs100208

[web] Ministry of Children and Education / 2020 / Labor market training / Ministry of Children and Education / https://www.uvm.dk/arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser

[web] / 2019 / Digest of Education Statistics / https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d18/tables/dt18_604.40.asp

[web] OECD / 2017 / Public expenditure on activation policies in 2017 / oecd.org / https://www.oecd.org/employment/activation.htm

[web] OECD / 2018 / OECD Statistics / stats.oecd.org

[web] OECD / 2018 / Survey of Adult Skills(PIAAC): Full selection of indicators / Education GPS: The World of Education at Your Fingertips / https://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/

[web] OECD / 2019 / Social Expenditure – Aggregated Data / / https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=SOCX_AGG

[web] OECD / NET SOCIAL EXPENDITURE INDICATORS: QUESTIONNAIRE / / https://www.oecd.org/statistics/data-collection/Social%20Expenditure_guidelines.pdf

[web] star.dk / 2020 / Active labour market policy measures. Danish Agency for Labour Market and Recruitment / https://www.star.dk/en/active-labour-market-policy-measures/

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Journal of the Scandinavian Society of Korea 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.72