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The Institutes of Public Sphere: Salon, Freemason, and Press

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2007, (17), pp.127~166
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Se-Yong JANG 1

1영남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In his doctoral thesis Structurwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft(1962) Jürgen Habermas argued that an abstract realm which said public space(Öffentlichkeit) that is constituted by institute of salons, café, academies and philosophical(science, literary) societies, theâtre, freemasonry loge, book, journal, press and polite conversation for secular commercial life in social relation. That space was constituted by network of voluntary association and non-official relation of sociability of new experience and psychological world. This notion is theoretical device which revealed new socio-political consciousness, constituted in public sphere which transcends private life of individual but divide from state. In this realm the institutes of public sphere has duality of one explained form of sociability and another tool of class struggle, reconciliation and unification Of them salon was an institute led by women. In 17th century its model of sociabilité was realm of repräsentative Öffentilichkeit of aristocracy derived from notion of polite conversation of court. But in 18th century Enlightenment salon was emerged as public space thanks expanded network of public opinion and radically proliferated imprint. And freemason was secret organization as a effect of product of absolutist political culture when politic was regarded as a secrecy only comprehensible to privileged minority. Where as it was anti-propositional to openness and approachment which are distinct of institute and practice of Enlightenment public space. Academie was also ruling class culture, but rational suspect and critic of its member’s fundamental attitude has promoted creative competition and development of literature, science and art. So they took some charge of role of mechanics, designed to Enlightenment thought and progress of humankind in Pan-European scale. Especially periodicals are was most dynamic part for making of public opinion. Still that time, sophisticated interception and control have manipulated, but many kind of press and journals was led formation of public opinion in political public space.

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