2022, Vol., No.63

The Journal of Study on Language and Culture of Korea and China 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.38

pISSN : 1738-0502 / eISSN : 2635-4373
https://journal.kci.go.kr/ksclc

This paper examined the pronunciations of X and Y in the Jeon Un-okpyeon "X Jeong Y" through a comparison between the middle and high notes of Korean, based on the four-sound and seven-tone. Due to the limitations of space This paper Among the Chinese characters marked as "X Jeong Y," only the Chinese characters belonging to the four-sound and seven-tone were examined. It was possible to check the readings of the Chinese characters corresponding to full-voiced sounds among the Chinese characters indicated in the Jeon Un-okpyeon "X Jeong Y". All the X sounds of Chinese characters corresponding to jong-mo, seon-mo, sa-mo, and seon-mo reflect voicing, but sueng-mo is excluded from the notation. Thus, it was possible to estimate that the devoicing of the latter consonants had already proceeded to completion in the phonological system of the text, as reflected in the fact that the X notes and Y notes showed extensive diversity, with indications via polyphonic characters, phonetic notation, heterogeneous characters, harmonic characters, and Chinese characters, indicating a lack of systematicity.

Currently, the basic word order of verbs and objects in Chinese is VO word order, but there seems to be a lot of OV word order in pre-Qin Chinese. There are not many prior studies on the process of synchronic change from OV to VO in Chinese after the pre-Qin period, but there are not many in-depth studies on the pattern of OV or VO in the Oracle Inscriptions. Therefore, this paper examined the order of Chinese verbs and objects in the earliest period for the Oracle Inscriptions by dividing them according to the sentence type and word class. As a result of the review, there are more OV word orders in the Oracle Inscriptions than in the subsequent period, which is consistent with the principle of language change, given the trend of changing the word order of Chinese from OV to VO. In addition, the OV word order evidence of the pronoun object in the positive sentence found in this paper solves why the OV word order, which was not in the Oracle Inscriptions, appears in future generations, which could not be explained according to the previous opinion. In other words, the VO word order and the OV word order, which coexisted in the affirmative text of the Oracle Inscriptions, gradually converged in the latter generation in VO word order, proving that the word order change progressed step by step. The change in noun objects in VO word order earlier than pronoun objects in the Oracle Inscriptions is also consistent with the pan-verbal trend. Finally, if the object is a noun, there are relatively more OV words in the Selection Inscription that focus only on the object than on the Symmetry Inscription that focus on the entire predicate, which shows the relationship between the word order and focus. This aspect shown in the Oracle Inscriptions does not violate the trend of synchronic changes in the Chinese object word order, and is consistent with the universal principles of language.

Although modern Chinese ‘Haishi’ is a common language, Chinese learners do not understand how to use the word because it has various meanings and functions. When a word is differentiated into multiple semantic terms, it is not easy for learners to memorize and accurately use detailed semantic terms. Therefore, this paper tried to examine how the usages of 'Haishi' are related to each other and how they originated from the grammaticalization perspectives, and to investigate their correlation through similar vocabulary in Korean or English. As a result of the study, it was found that the semantic mechanism of 'negative' or 'reverse' is operating at the basis of the adverb and conjunction usages of 'Haishi'. The continuation and selection meanings of ‘Haishi’, which are commonly known, are basically created by negation or inverse relationship.