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A Study on the Twofold Function of the Sin Offering in the Light of the Kipper Act by Using Structural Criticism and Text Linguistics: Focused on Leviticus 4

Chung Hee Kyung 1

1에스라성경대학원대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to investigate the twofold function of the sin offering (taJ'x;) in the light of the kipper act. It is achieved by applying structural criticism and text linguistics to Leviticus 4 which is a representative text of the sin offering. J. Milgrom and his followers have forcefully asserted that the function of the sin offering should be limited to the purification of the sancta since its blood is applied only to the sancta rather than to the people. But this assertion has been challenged by many scholars including N. Kiuchi who have insisted that the sin offering has the twofold functions of purification and forgiveness. Unfortunately, however, they have failed to suggest what the kipper act consists of in detail. According to the exegetical study of Leviticus 4, the sin offering seems to have the dual function of purifying the sancta through the blood rite(hz'hi/!t;n') and providing forgiveness to the offerer through the comprehensive kipper act (laying a hand, slaughtering, the blood rite, and the burning rite). Laying a hand (%m;s') seems to symbolize the identification of the offerer with the sacrificial animal, and thus the animal identified with the offerer is slaughtered (jx;v') to pay the price for his sins. It seems that the blood sprinkled on the altar has the meaning of showing the evidence to God that the offerer’s life was offered (Lev 17:11), and that the burning rite (rj;q') on the altar confirms the acceptance of the offerer to the Lord. When all these atonement rituals (i.e. kipper act) are performed properly, ‘kipper’ and ‘forgiveness of the offerer’ are proclaimed (4:20, 26, 31, 35). In short, the twofold function of the sin offering—purification and forgiveness—is more clearly revealed in the light of the kipper act.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.