2017, Vol., No.24

Changes in the recognition of Manchuria in French geography : ‘Manchuria’ in the papers published in “Annales de géographie”

Dongkun YIM | 2017, (24) | pp.9~49 | number of Cited : 1

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The Correlation between P’yŏnsuhoe’s Compilation of Joseonsa and Manchuria-Korea History : A focus on the Third Volume of Goryeo Dynasty

Jeong, Sang woo | 2017, (24) | pp.51~88 | number of Cited : 6

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This paper examines the correlation between P’yŏnsuhoe’s Joseonsa (vol.3) that led by Inaba Iwakichi’s editing, who was representative of a Manchuria-Korea- historian and Manchuria-Korea-History. Regarding Korean history, Inaba who was stationed in Korea for the purpose of compiling the Joseonsa and former Korean-history-researchers representing Imanishi Ryu maintained different views. Imanishi described the Korean history as one of the Han ethnic group, which was akin to that of a Japanese ethnic group living in the southern part of the peninsula. On the other hand, Inaba criticized Japanese researchers who studied Korean history as one tied to Japan’s history. He thought Korean history should be studied as a part of Oriental history and insisted that Korean history should be considered in connection with Manchuria and Mongolia. With the Joseonsa vol.3, Inaba served as the chief and reflects his view of Korean history. Before he taking charge of Joseonsa vol.3, Inaba regarded the characteristics of the Goryeo dynasty as tied to the appearance of Manchuria and Mongolia people, such as the Kitan, Jurchen, and Mongolians. Inaba’s perspective on the Goryeo Dynasty was reflected in Joseonsa vol.3. The editors of Joseonsa vol.3 also regarded the relationship between Liao, Jin, Song, Yuan and Goryeo as the most significant components in Joseonsa vol.3. In particular, with the so-called ‘the Goryeo Dynasty`s War Period against Mongolian Invasion’, the editors of Joseonsa vol.3 relied on historical materials that emphasized the relationship between Yuan and Japan, rather than that of the Anti-Mongol Struggle or changes in domestic politics of Goryeo. This coincided with Manchuria-Korea historical plans to raise the status of Japanese history through the reorganization of Northeast Asian history into the tripartite relationship with the people of China, Mongolia and Donghu (東胡). And the editors’ emphasis coincided with Inaba’s work published at the time of the compilation of Joseonsa vol.3. The general view is that few historical materials are found in early Goryeo period and more materials such as collections of writings, epigraph are found in the late. However, the historical materials used in Joseonsa vol.3 point to the opposite. In the latter half of Goryeo, the use of Korean historical materials (especially epigraph materials) decrease, while the use of foreign historical materials (mostly Japanese materials) increasingly point to a relationship with Japan. Indirectly, the tendency of using historical materials with Manchuria–Korea historic perspectives was used in the compilation of Joseonsa vol.3.

The Establishment of the Korean Independence Army Base and Sinheung Military School in Southern Manchuria in the 1910s

Seyun Chang | 2017, (24) | pp.89~131 | number of Cited : 17

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By utilizing existing studies and other new materials, this paper examines and analyzes the efforts of the New People’s Association(Sinmin-hoe), an organization set up with the belief that enlightenment can save Korea and lead to Independence, and establish Korean Independence Army Base in Manchuria and its plans to nurture talents. It aims to form relations with the Sinheung Military School and to review the activities of leaders from Andong, Gyeongbuk Province in their organizations centering on the Sinheung school. Numerous studies on activities and contributions of renowned figures in the Gyeongju Lee clan including Lee, Si-young and Lee, hoe-young and in the West-central region of Korea have not highlighted activists from Andong, Gyeongbuk Province. This paper narrows the gap. After thorough reviews of articles in The Independent, not widely known newspaper to the academia and the public, it was newly found that Sinheung Military School was established and operated in accordance with plans and strategies of Ahn, Chang-ho, one of the leaders in New People’s Association, who aimed to nurture talent. Also from Yang, Ki-tak’s letter to Ahn, description of the school and independence organization in 1916 was discovered along with detailed processes for the construction of the Independence Army Base and progress of the Independence War. Moreover, recently translated and published diary and posthumous works of Kim, Dae-rak and Lee, Sang-yong depict how Confucian scholars with Andong background preactively engaged in national independence movement by leading Sinheung Military School and other organizations after moving into West Jiandao(西間島) of Southern Manchuria in the 1910s. This description helps to detail the history of Korean migration in the 1910s and a new part of Korea-China relations. In addition, this research analyzes the thinkings of Kim, Hak-gyu(the graduate of the school), Kim Gyeong-cheon(the instructor), and Kim Gu(the last premier of the provisional government of the Republic of Korea). There were four schools to accommodate 2,000 students during the school’s heyday in 1919 and they were aggressively preparing for the Independence War. Based on these findings, Sinheung Military School should be understood as a study on the history of Northeastern China, namely within the Manchuria region. Therefore, an in-depth study from complex and scholastic perspectives is urgently needed to view Northeastern China-South Manchuria-West Jiandao as an intersection of international relations between China, Japan, Korea and powers such as Russia, the US, and the UK.

The Actual Condition of Villages and Farmers’ Life in the Northern Area of Manchukuo(滿洲國)

Yoon Hwy Tak | 2017, (24) | pp.133~187 | number of Cited : 3

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The northern part of Manchuria was opened and exploited relatively late. During the pioneering process, land was sold at a low price to a small number of privileged people. On the other hand, poor peoples who migrated from northern China had no opportunity to own land. Whereby, very few landowners or rich farmers owned most of the land. Unlike that, about 70% of farm households did not own any land. As a result, unequal land ownership has appeared in rural areas in northern Manchuria. In addition, there were frequent assaults by local predatory troops(土匪) and anti-Japanese guerrillas because in the northern part of Manchuria, the police administration system was not properly equipped. In the rural areas of northern Manchuria, there were defense facilities such as a wall and a turret. The farmers of the villages were living a community. In the villages, landowners and peasants with large land and security positions had great influence. In the villages, the influence and status of the landowners and rich peasants were stronger than other regions like the southern Manchuria, northern China region. On the other hand, poor farmers and agricultural workers were living anxious lives under various constraints and poverty. After the establishment of Manchukuo(滿洲國), Japanese colonial authorities forcibly bought agricultural products cheaply and controlled materials and necessities. Such colonial policies have spurred agricultural products, prices and wages. Also, as the war spread, Japanese colonial authorities imposed a lot of taxes to cover the cost of war. As a result, the life of farmers in northern Manchuria was getting worse. Poor farmers and agricultural workers suffered from debt, and the gap between rich and poor has also become extreme. And the lower-class farmers were gradually falling down. In conclusion, in rural areas in northern Manchuria, the internal elements of pioneering and colonial external elements interacted with each other and showed unique regional characteristics different from other regions.

The Limitations of the Informative Literature and the Manchuria-Mongolia Youth Volunteer Corps for Development : A focus on Kanno Masao’s Fought against land(1940)

AHN JINA | 2017, (24) | pp.189~213 | number of Cited : 3

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Chinese Radio Drama in the Manchukuo Period

Dai, Ke | 2017, (24) | pp.215~235 | number of Cited : 2

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Soccer and Self-Governance of Ethnic Korean-Chinese Society : A Focus on Yanbian Funde Football Club

KWAG KYUHWAN , Hong， Longri | 2017, (24) | pp.237~289 | number of Cited : 1

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In this paper, we discussed the soccer and self-governance of ethnic Korean Chinese in Yanbian through case-based analyses of the Yanbian Funde Football Club (Yanbian FC). Football has served as cultural capital of ethnic Korean-Chinese people living in Yanbian for many years. At the beginning of the 20th century, soccer cultures spread around the schools founded by anti-Japanese independence activists. Manchuguo, which was founded in 1932, used sports for the nation-building and Korea served as a main hub for those efforts at that time. After liberation, ethnic Korean-Chinese in Yanbian in the Northeast region developed soccer, which had already become part of daily culture through local communities and educational institutions (schools), which later led to Yanbian becoming the “hometown of Chinese soccer” (足球之郷) and a cultural sport symbol. In 1997, under the Korean coach Choi Eun-taek, Yangbian FC won their way to the semi-finals. However, after the club was sold to Hangzhou Lvcheng in 2000, Yanbian FC encountered a long stagnation, moving around from third league to second league. Then in 2015, Korean coach Park Tae-ha entered the team into the China Super League, leading ethnic Korean-Chinese society in Yanbian to again fervently follow soccer after a 15-year hiatus and indifference to the sport as cultural capital. Currently, the Chinese professional leagues are leading the Chinese sports nationalism with enormous capital and social support under the complete support of Xi Jinping. However, soccer plays an additional role in the ethnic Korean-Chinese community in Yanbian, which is now encountering a decline in population due to transnational movement and social reorganization. The emotions of ethnic Korean- Chinese communities in large cities in China and around the world, which have mainly sustained as peripheral societies are beginning to concentrate and influence societies as part of mainstream populations. Various ethnic Korean-Chinese networks are increasingly connected through social media tools such as Wechat (微信), leading to the building of communicates and through the creation of virtual societies through online space. Soccer in Yanbian now operates as a self-governing space for ethnic minorities, and manifests a natural connection of self-disclosure as ethnic minorities and communicate through sporadic social networks.

A Ruler’s Perspective on Northern korea․Manchuria and Chinese Yanbian Province(Northern Jiandao, 北間島) (Park, Hwan, The Memories of Jiandao(間島), Seoul : Minsokwon, 2017 ; Park, Hwan․Park, Ho-won, A Commemorial Photograph Book on the Facilities of Japanese Government-General of Korea in Manchuria, Seoul : Minsokwon, 2017)

Seyun Chang | 2017, (24) | pp.293~309 | number of Cited : 1

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A Review about Publication of a Series Titled Arrangement of Materials and Research on Manchukuo’s Literature

Kim,Changho | 2017, (24) | pp.313~324 | number of Cited : 2

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KJCKorea
Journal Central

Journal of Manchurian Studies 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

2017, Vol., No.24