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Competition between Japan and Russia over East Asian Railways

  • Journal of Manchurian Studies
  • Abbr : 만주연구
  • 2022, (34), pp.9~37
  • DOI : 10.22888/mcsa..34.202210.9
  • Publisher : The Manchurian Studies Association
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > East Asia > China
  • Received : October 2, 2022
  • Accepted : October 17, 2022
  • Published : October 31, 2022

Kim Ji Hwan 1

1인천대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

From the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, expansionist geopolitical exploits had created a Western world that pitted many countries between the British and Russian Empires. Early on, British representatives made their way to the Far East to form ties with Japan and promulgated an Anglo- Japanese Alliance, a policy aimed at pre-emptively negating any such relations with Russia, Britain’s main competitor at the time. Soon, however, shared regional interests eventually challenged this power dynamic. This paper investigates the shifting geopolitical concerns and changes in competitive patterns between Japan and Russia, focusing on the construction and management of railways on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria. It finds that Russia and Japan engaged in fierce competition for passengers and train freights in Manchuria, often vying for allotments on the Chinese Eastern Railway and South Manchuria Railway. In this process, the Japanese Empire built a feeder line to increase their number of passengers and expanded their distribution of goods along the South Manchuria Railway. In examining the changes in goods distribution in Manchuria and the changes in power relations between Russia and Japan, this paper elucidates on the construction and economics of South Manchuria’s primary feeder lines: Taoyang Railway, Qike Railway, Labin Railway, and Anfeng Railway. It finds that the South Manchuria Railway prospered by applying Northern Manchurian logistics, which significantly curtailed Chinese Eastern Railway operations and eventually prompted Japan’s acquisition of the railway in 1935.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.