2002, Vol.14, No.

Journal of Japanese Culture 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.36

pISSN : 1226-3605 / eISSN : 2733-8908
https://journal.kci.go.kr/JJC

Toukoku is most influenced by Emerson's Nature. In Nature, Emerson argues, “Nature is always consistent, though she feigns to contravene her own laws. She keeps her laws, and seems to transcend them.”This demonstrates that the basis of his thought is the harmony among God, nature, and human beings. In his essay, Emerson, Toukoku meticulously examines Emerson's idea of nature. He argues for the view of nature, not as disregarded one as in Christianity, but as a medium between the universe and a human being. Toukoku also claims that Emerson unites the core aspects of Eastern and Western thoughts.This paper aims to concentrate on such aspects of Toukoku's idea and to depart from the previous studies on Toukoku's and Emerson's view of nature. The difficulty in Toukoku's and Emerson's concepts of nature derives from the fact that their ideas are not tied to a certain religion or sect.Emerson's anti-Christian (from a Christian point of view) ideas carried over to Toukoku, whose concept of the correspondence between Over-Soul and a human being led to the theory of Inner-Life through the inspiration.Emerson's idea can be summarized as the unity of Over-Soul and human soul, which Toukoku accepted and developed into his theory of Inner-Life.

In this treaties subjectivity was investigated by Japanese modern writer Soseki Natsume in his work.By the structural analysis introduced literature theory, Subject Deduction Method. In 『Nowaki』's work, he talks about how financial power rules. Takayanagi, has aversions to those power but after he met a man of virtue his old teacher Shirai, he tried to put right with on-going event.Put in other words, writer Soseki was in resentment with material almighty civilization. In addition to Shirai's ideology wholesome and morals, Takayanagi got right spirits and was influenced. In 『Nowaki』, those process was indwelled, as well as how the civilized society should rectify to virtue and moral, by questioning its society.

　The purpose of this study is to clarify the use of expressions to maintain cohesion in their speech. The examinees are two trainees (SS, RR) trained in a company in Shizuoka prefecture for one year. Three Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPI) were conducted during their training period, the first-month, seventh-month, and twelfth-month. The interviews recorded each time were used as a date for analysis.　The result is as follows: there is no evidence to use expressions to maintain cohesion in RRs first interview. RR has not learned Japanese before coming to Japan. But the second interview shows that RR can use a lot of kinds of conjunctions. SS who has learned Japanese before coming to Japan also uses conjunctions in the interviews. These expressions are useful to maintain cohesion in their speech when the learners have not acquired proficiency to product a long discourse.　From these results, it can be said that these two trainees attempted to maintain cohesion in their speech consciously with their limited Japanese oral proficiency.