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A Study on the Public Trade and Private Trade of Japan in the 8th Century

  • JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
  • Abbr : jois
  • 2020, 31(), pp.5~33
  • DOI : 10.22971/jois.31..202006.5
  • Publisher : The Keimyung Institute for International Studies
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > Regional Studies in general
  • Received : May 7, 2020
  • Accepted : June 15, 2020
  • Published : June 30, 2020

ByungRo Lee 1

1계명대학교

Candidate

ABSTRACT

The 『Sok-il-bon-gi』, which records the history of the Nara era in the 8th century, shows that more exchanges were made between Silla and Japan in this period than any other era. Most of the exchanges were unilateral from Silla to Japan. The two countries had a friendly relationship with external factors for a while in the early 8th century, but since the 830s, when external factors disappeared, they had returned each other’s public delegations and showed sharp political and diplomatic confrontations. On the other hand, it was also a time when Silla people actively developed trade in Japan. Of course, it goes without saying that this was because the royal family and nobles, who were Japanese ruling leaders at that time, desperately needed Silla's exchanging trade goods. Therefore, the trade relations between the two countries in the 8th century (Nara era) can be summarized as follows: First, the Japanese ruling class in the Nara period recognized Silla and Balhae as countries of the prosperity. However, this was because the Japanese ruling class was caught up in the ideology of the statute law and they embellished for their benefit, so the Silla ruling class did not accept it. Rather, Taeryeom Kim's public delegation in 752 conducted diplomacy with Japan an example of a higher country than Japan. Second, the Silla ruling class started to develop public trade by dispatching a large-scale public delegation from the mid 730s, based on the tribute trade system, which was learned from the (China) Tang dynasty. The typical example was the 700 people-consisted public delegation visit of Silla prince, Taeryeom Kim, in 752. Third, it is considered that the private trade in Japan actually began from 750s, when Silla merchants crossed over to Dazaifu. An article, in which the Japanese ruling class purchased a large amount of Silla exchanging trade items by using the officials of Dazaifu, tells it well. In the 9th century, the officials and barons of Dazaihu engaged in trade activities independently with Silla merchants. Fourth, since the 750s, the distribution system had been formed as Silla people constantly crossed over to Dazaihu. And Silla merchants had gradually resided in Dazaihu. These 'immigrated Silla people' became core members of the huge East-Asian trade area centered on Bogo Jang in the early 9th century along with the maritime forces of the 'immigrated (China) Tang people' on the south coast of the Korean peninsula. As such, since the trade area centered on the private trade were formed around Dazaihu from the mid 8th century, such an international maritime trader as Bogo Jang appeared in the early 9th century.

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