2023, Vol.36, No.1

Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

pISSN : 2671-5651 / eISSN : 2671-566X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/aba

While ancient humans consumed enough potassium (K+), modern humans have insufficient K+ intake. The renal collecting duct plays an important role in regulating K+ homeostasis. There are at least three different types of cells in the collecting duct. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of dietary K+ intake on collecting duct intercalated cells. C57BL/6 mice had free access to a control (1%), low (<0.01%), or high (5%) K+ diet for 1 week. Kidney tissue were processed for light microscopic immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Excessive dietary K+ intake or deficiency significantly changed blood K+ concentrations in mice. The size of type A intercalated cells increased by about 1.6 times in the low K+ group and decreased in the high K+ group. Conversely, the size of type B intercalated cells decreased in the low K+ group and increased in the high K+ group. The response of NANB cells to dietary K+ intake was generally like type B cells. These results demonstrated that renal intercalated cells vary greatly with dietary K+ intake. The structural changes in response to K+ imbalance may be closely related to cardiovascular and renal disorders in modern humans.

The fibularis tertius muscle originates on the medial surface of the fibula and attaches to the proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal bone. The aim of this study is to provide an anatomical basis for the role of the fibularis tertius tendon in the mechanism of fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture by classifying the shape and location of the fibularis tertius tendon in Korean cadavers. For this study, 89 feet were dissected using formalin-fixed Korean cadavers. There were 61 male and 28 female, and the average at death age was 78.79±11.00 years. Ercikti’s method was applied for classification according to the shape of the insertion in the fibularis tertius tendon, and the width of the footprint of insertion was measured additionally. As a result, the fibularis tertius tendon was type 1 (one-branch) in 56% and type 2 (two-branch) in 44%. Tendons were absent in 7 feet (7.9%), type 1a in 2 feet (2.2%), type 1b in 26 feet (29.2%), type 1c had 16 feet (18.0%), type 1d had 2 feet (2.2%), type 2a had 35 feet (39.3%), and type 2b) was 1 feet (1.1%). The width of the fibularis tertius tendon attachment site was 15.50±2.12 mm in types 1a, 19.23±3.91 mm in types 1b, 17.43±3.91 mm in types 1c, 12.22±7.07 mm in types 1d, 20.42±5.12 mm in type 2a, 20.00 mm in type 2b. There was no difference in the width of the fibularis tertius tendon according to gender and side. In conclusion, the shape of the fibularis tertius tendon contact point would be able to load the proximal attachment part of the fifth metatarsal bone. Based on this, we suggest the need for a schematic study or biomechanical study of the fibularis tertius tendon in relation to the fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture.

For laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, the applied approach may vary depending on the location of the kidney tumor or the patient’s condition. For each approach, the structures to be checked during surgery are different. When learning surgery, if only images or videos of actual surgical scenes are used, the field of view is narrow and it is difficult to distinguish between structures, which may lead to poor understanding of the operation. In this learning process, the use of appropriate illustrations can help in a more effective education. However, with the development of the surgical method, the development of the illustration must also be progressed, so that the effect can be expected more. In this study, we tried to create a surgical illustration to help understand laparoscopic partial nephrectomy by deriving limitations through the existing surgical illustration analysis process and establishing a development direction. Through the analysis of illustrations of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in urological surgery textbooks, the limitations were derived and the direction of illustration production was established. The main improvements were the complement of black-and-white and cross-sectional illustrations, the need for illustrations reflecting recent surgical methods, and the need for development due to the lack of visual data on laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The created illustration was edited with an atlas to be used as educational material and based on this, a presentation file was produced so that it could be used freely outside the limits of place and time. Also, an educational poster was produced to compare and view the surgical methods of the transperitoneal approach and the retroperitoneal approach. It is expected that the illustration of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy developed through this study and educational materials produced based on it will be provided so that it will be possible to effectively learn and improve the understanding of surgery for medical professionals and medical science students learning surgery.