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The Peculiarity of Usages of ‘Jong-Gyo (Religion)’ in Korea, 1883-1910: Rethinking the History of ‘Jong-Gyo’ Concept Formation

  • Asia Review
  • Abbr : SNUACAR
  • 2022, 12(2), pp.207~238
  • Publisher : 아시아연구소
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
  • Received : June 15, 2022
  • Accepted : July 29, 2022
  • Published : August 31, 2022

Hyoung-June Shim 1

1서울대학교 인문학연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The word ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ is known as a concept that was adopted as a translation of ‘religion’ in Japan and spread to East Asia. Because of its novelty, the term ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ was considered to contain the meanings of the modern concept of religion in the West. However, if you look at many expression cases of this term, you can see that ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ is used in the meanings of ‘the best teaching’ or ‘national religion (teaching) ’ depending on the meaning of each Chinese character. In particular, if you look at the cases used in newspapers and dictionaries from 1883 to 1910, it can be seen that around 1910, ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ became dominant as the translated word for ‘religion’. In this respect, ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ is an overinterpretation to see that the modern concept of religion was used based on the use of the term ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ in the 19th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the concept of ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ was understood in light of the concepts of ‘Gyo [敎] ’ or ‘Do [道] ’, which have been used since the Joseon dynasty. Therefore, although the term ‘Jong-Gyo [宗敎] ’ is used, it cannot be regarded as being used in its modern meanings. This trend is also found in East Asian countries with Chinese character culture (Japan, China, Vietnam) . Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the history of religion concept formation in Korea.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.