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The Multi-Scalar Reconfiguration of the Care Regime: (In)Formality in Paid Domestic Work in Jakarta

  • Asia Review
  • Abbr : SNUACAR
  • 2026, 16(1), pp.239~266
  • Publisher : 아시아연구소
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
  • Received : February 11, 2026
  • Accepted : March 31, 2026
  • Published : April 30, 2026

JunyoungPark 1

1서울대학교 아시아연구소 동남아시아센터

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines the multi-scalar reconfiguration of the care regime surrounding paid domestic work in Jakarta, Indonesia. As Jakarta concentrates the country’s highest demand and supply of paid domestic work, the study conceptualizes domestic work as a form of care work. A care regime is defined as the processes through which informality and formalization—the structural conditions of care work—are constituted and transformed through the perceptions and practices of key care actors. The study adopts a multi-scalar analytical framework encompassing the care space, national and local institutional contexts, and the transnational dynamics of global care labor migration. The analysis shows that Jakarta’s care regime is predominantly characterized by institutional and relational informality, while gradual processes of formalization are unfolding through institutional change, shifting social perceptions, and labor market restructuring across scales. Contrary to existing scholarship that treats informality as a primary source of precarity and formalization as a normative remedy, this study demonstrates that (in)formality in care work does not correspond linearly to labor conditions such as precarity or decent work, but is reconfigured in contextual and complex ways. These findings extend theoretical understandings of (in)formality in care work and call for more nuanced approaches to formalization in care labor policy.

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