According to the Resolution of the UN Security Council and by the request of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the Republic of Korea has decided to dispatch its troops to Afganistan again. The main purpose of the troops is to support the reconstruction and restoration activities. In recent, Taleban has gained its political and military influence over the Afganistan. However, the armies of the US, NATO and Afganistan have been suffering from inferiority in military strength against antigovernment rebel forces in Afganistan. As a result, the US government decided to send more troops up to 30,000 in November 2009. Under this circumstances, the Provincial Reconstruction Team(PRT) and the ROK troops will face an armed conflicts with Taleban, which is one of the bad scenarios for the ROK. After the starting their assignment, it is likely that Improvised Explosive Device(IED) might be one of the most serious risks of safety for ROK troops and PRT. In Iraq, the use of IED has steadily declined since the year of 2007, the major casualties are still coming from the IED attacks. On the other hand, the use of IED in Afghanistan has dramatically increased causing great concerns. It is said that IED will continue to threaten security forces in Afganistan. In this connection, with the re-dispatch of troops coming soon, analysis on the counter-IED operation capability and pre-preparation efforts should be taken. In the short term, establishment of IED response principle, threat evaluation of IED, introduction of counter-IED equipment and education on the responsive skills against IED have to be followed. In the long run, reinforcement of intelligence capability on the IED, comprehensive response organization against IED and military doctrine on the IED should be established.