2017, Vol.31, No.

‘The Readers’of Enlightenment and modern narratives(2)

Kang Jin ho | 2017, 31 | pp.7~34 | number of Cited : 0

This paper is an investigation on the narrative in the textbook of the Enlightenment Era. Process of the deepening of the adoption of the difference between the novel and historical description is investigated focusing on Korean Lanauage Reader for Common Schools(1907). The meaning of the truth differs in the novel and the history. The author of the novel creates the event, character, emotion, and truth in the different way from history. Modern novel establishes itself as the awareness that this fictional statement has its unique value and meaning different from annals. Various kinds of fictional narratives are applied rather than character narrative in the Korean Language Reader whereas not only fictional narrative but also character narratives in reality are mainly applied in GukMinSoHakDokBon and Simsang –Sohak. Most of the empirical narrative contained in the Korean reader is a short narrative narrating a single anecdote, different from the conventional textbook. “A bright decision of the wise ruler”, “Innate virtue of the King Sejong”, “The great victory of Mun-Duk”, and “A sigh of Kim-Sok-Myung” concisely described the main anecdote of the hero. These are the illustration of the anecdotes singled out to fit to the educational purpose rather than chronicles, based on the practical need of the narrator. Furthermore, the number of fictional narratives in Korean Reader are plentiful enough to exceed 40. Animal, inanimate objects, and supernatural beings, which had been excluded in the traditional story, appear as the main character of the narrative. With the appearance of the animal such as horse and dog, water, child and mother, the standardized understanding of the narrative is sublated, whereas the conventional biographies dealt with the specific type of the man such as honorable officer and vassal, trustworthy friend, and integral woman. These narratives appear to be comparatively developed with the narrative without comment, which was the case of the former short narrative. Just like“Horse” and “Hunter and monkey”, these narratives are similar to reading one short story. In addition to that certain narrative has dialogue in the act with the narrator mentioned. As we can see from the case of“Naja1, 2”(lazy person 1, 2), here the narrative is objectified and the contents are given credit as the narrator keeps distance from the pertinent character. In addition to that, characters and events here are extremely mundane. Since the story develops based on this routine, narrator obtains the same credit as the historical description and the historicity as the annals. With the fictional narrative taking up most of the narrative, Korean Reader shows that the cognition of the fiction is enhanced and widely recognized in educational field as well. In this regard, modern reader was the cultural foundation of the formation and birth of the modern novel. Not only was the modern reader a mere educational medium but also the field exhibiting the formation and development of the modern style.

The study on edition and genealogy of Kim Dong In’s novel-focusing on modifying titles

Youngae Kim | 2017, 31 | pp.35~55 | number of Cited : 7

Hwang Sunwon novel's writing as a matter of strategy of ideology gyeonggyein ― Focusing on the work of a liberation of gaejakwajeong ―

bang-geumdan | 2017, 31 | pp.57~86 | number of Cited : 4

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Memory of War and Politics of Memory ― Focused on 『Angrice』 of Ma Hae Song ―

Jang Young Mi | 2017, 31 | pp.87~109 | number of Cited : 2

The purpose of this article is to investigate the political situation of war and the memory of war based on the war situation and awareness that the artist memorizes. The sarcasm and resistance spirit that Ma Hae Song showed in the early works seeks to capture the changing tendency of the works based on the war of the six and twenty-fifth period. In particular, he studied the politics of memories and memories of war, with the idea of recognizing war in 『Angrice』 which is based on war, with a clear view of anti-communism. In the late 1950s when 『Angrice』 was announced, it was a time when ideology was needed to secure the position of the ruling power. In other words, it is the time when the integration of the people and the production of ideology are necessary for the reign of the ruling forces. In this respect, 『Angrice』 is a work of writer Ma Hae Song, a writer of the war, experiencing and experiencing the memory of the war on the one hand with the use of literary imagination. On the other hand, Device. For example, 『Angrice』 shows that war is destroying life and the existence is threatened. The lives of ordinary people, regardless of whether they are adults or children, live a life of deprivation and fall into hell. However, the cause of this tragic life was all due to the Communist Party and the brutality of the People's Army created a sense of fear. In addition, unlike the appearance of Lieutenant General Koo, who is a national army with a warm heart, the armed forces of the People's Army can find the polarized gaze of the artist. This can not be seen as a factor in the personal experience and memory of an individual. In the end, it can be seen that, through 『Angrice』 one person is not related to memories and possessions of war, but to the environment. Therefore, memory is not only a function of time and memories of the past, but an important part of the present and the future, that is, the community life. In particular, remembering and recording the historical events of a country can be said to play an important role in that it shares the socio - cultural and historical values of members as well as current and future political interests. Therefore, the creation is the result of what the artist himself experienced and experienced, but the writer's record reminds us once again of the memory of war and the political problem of memory in terms of public record beyond the ownership of the artist alone.

The limit in the changeover of the medium shown in the cartoon "Land"

kim yenie | 2017, 31 | pp.111~140 | number of Cited : 4

This paper aims to analyze a cartoon “Land” dramatized most recently with reviewing the existing status that the novel “Land” has been utilized through one source multi-use way. 1stpart of the cartoon“Land” was made by a cartoonist, Oh, Se-young, and its2nd part to 5thpart was drawn by a cartoonist, Park, Mun-young. The plan to make 20 books of novel to 17 books means to premise the lack of space. It is absolutely required to review the characteristic of the description type at first to analyze the cartoon“Land”, even though it is planned to transmit“Land”, the novel of Park, Kyung-rhee to a cartoon without putting any damage on the original. A cartoon has to keep the value and achievement as a genre of cartoon. So as to do, a cartoon must be evaluated in accordance with the description type of a cartoon. A cartoon is composed of painting, words and complex symbol, and its narration is expressed by a panel because the collection of many panels can make one scene completed. So, through the blank emptied between panel and panel and premise of the understanding on the gutter, a cartoon leads the intervention by positive readers with readers’ filling the not drawn parts between panel and panel with their imagination. A cartoon provides the meaning for the readers complementarily through speech bubble, picture and painting letter, and the story of the cartoon is progressed through showing on this base. The cartoon “Land” has a severe limit having excessively many letters, when considering a description type in the cartoon. Because it must take a big volume of stories in the short spaces without any damage, the progress of the description by more speech bubble and narration than picture becomes a stronger trend. If the volumes of letters are more than picture as like the above-mentioned, the popularity (popular appeal) that a cartoon is holding originally is severely harmed. So to speak, it results in the falling down of readability and the reduction of happiness and affect that a picture can give, and can not provide a complete happiness for the readers because the complementary system of the meaning is unbalanced along with words symbol. Even though the cartoon “Land” is telling the summaries of the story without putting any damage on the original, there are so many cases omitting the inner side and a mental state of characters mainly worked in the novel, and the description on them. Such kind of instance is mainly shown in the villains; Cho, jun-gu and mrs Lim are included therein. Cho, Jun-gu and Mrs Lim who are expressed as a stereotactic character in the original novel are transmitted to typical and simplified character of villain in the cartoon “Land”. Of course, It is so difficult to express so many characters by discriminating them pictorially. Furthermore, It is more difficult really to exert much more pictorial effort for the realization of the stereotactic expression on the characters under the above said conditions. Finally, a cartoon “Land” shows many differences in its 1st part and parts after 2nd parts among one another, because they were drawn by each other writer. Especially a big difference is shown in the limit in the space of the paper. Because its1st part is progressed through 8 books, but on contrary the remainin g stories after that is compressed in the another 9 books, it is really difficult to do the pictorial experiment and grope for on the paper. With such reasons, narrations are extracted from some parts of the novel and moved to the cartoon“Land”, the description of the cartoon is progressed with many narrations and speech bubbles. Inaddition, a cartoon“Land” shows a busy trace in the progress of story, because an abstractly pictorial expression implying the look or mood of characters and their mentality is considerably deducted. It can be assured through the limit a cartoon “Land” shows that when a novel is moved to a cartoon, the story telling in consideration into the specific characteristic that a cartoon is holding is absolutely required. If the plan of 17 books of cartoon was premised to make the conditions not to seek a cartoon experiment and the limited space of the paper was an obstacle, the dramatized of the stories on the base of the typical and simplified melodrama having a central description is a way the genre of a cartoon can choose. If the part and chapter and book are shared a different from the novel, the chapter is divided on the center of the accidents, and the main characters are classified at every chapter, the stories can be dramatized to the type of omnibus or sitcom of the movie or drama. In a conclusion, I am afraid that a cartoon “Land” includes much regrets from its planning stage to the seeking of pictorial experiment.

A Study on Vitality of 'Sangogie' and old age novels of Mun Sun-tae.

Heung Nam Jeon | 2017, 31 | pp.141~164 | number of Cited : 0

Real pain and ideal of utopia in colonial poetry ― Focused on Yun Dong-ju and Tuqay ―

GO SUN MI | 2017, 31 | pp.165~201 | number of Cited : 1

This article aims to establish the corresponding uniformity of Korean and Russian literary tendencies and to search for the first research model of Tatar literature and Korean literature. Tatarstan is a minority ethnic state in Russia, and Tatar literature has no precedent research among Russian literature. Beyond the simple comparison of the two writers, Yun, Dong-ju (1917-1945) and Tuqay (1886-1913), it has been examined how the poetry of salvation is achieved in their works based on their religious world views. There are several comparative studies between Yoon, Dong - ju and the writers of other countries. Compared with these precedent studies; however, the significance of this paper is that it is the first time that the religious aspect in the Tatar lyric poetry of the early 20th century and the Korean lyric poetry of the 1930s - 40s were studied synthetically from the perspective of comparative literature. In the same reality of the colonies, the life and the literature of the two poets did not stop at the level of the intellectual’s frustration and internal conflict, but tried to realize the universal values, such as national enlightenment and humanity, which suggest to us a lot today, who live a poverty life in abundance. A comparative literary study of Yun, Dong-ju who lived as a minority in Choson in front of the great Western powers and imperialism, with Tuqay who was also a member of ethnic minority, Tatarstan, the ruled country in the Russian Federation, was possible, since Yoon in the late 19th century and Tuqay at the beginning of the 20th century, who lived in the same era in which new modern aspects appeared transiently, despite their short life of 29 and 28 years, respectively, both had common life attitude to overcome the phenomenon of that era according to their religious beliefs. It is desired to see that this study will lead to more in - depth comparative studies of Korean literature with various minority literatures in the Russian Federation.

Diversification of form and tradition consciousness

kim nan kyung | 2017, 31 | pp.205~242 | number of Cited : 1

This study examines the consciousness of the enjoyment of folktale traders in the process of folktale through fictitious colors. Jeongpyeong-gu in Jeonbuk Kimje area was a man who invented a flying car during the Japanese invasion of Korea. However, his actions are not recorded in official history books. There has been a long talk between people on the historical level. Then, the documentary records of Jungpyeong-gu are made through the <Jungyeongjeokjeon> and the newspapers of the Japanese colonial period during the late Confucian Confucian scholar Yoojae Song. In Jeongpyeonggujeon, we could know the name of Jeongpyeonggu and the name of Pyonggugu. The newspapers in the period of Japanese colonial rule confirmed that Jeongpyeonggu invented the same thing that was used during the Japanese invasion. However, Jung Pyeong-gu, the inventor of the unexpected, did not appear in the story of Jungpyeong-gu, The folk tales of the tales were made into a narrator by portraying Jung Pyung - gu as a Lee In - young figure. In the story, Jungpyeong-gu is not a figure that defeats the enemy through an extraordinary act, but rather an ordinary person, who deceives the enemy by devising a trick with wisdom and wit that is done on a daily basis. Thus, the shaping of Jungpyeong in the tale is a people-friendly form. The folktale traders talked about the historical truth of how the people themselves kept their lives in the midst of criticism and incompetence of the incompetent ruling class during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in the form of Jungpyeong-gu. The story of JungPyeongGu is once again transformed into a story of a new figure type through the process of fictional love. It is a story of a gull-like figure that reflects the economic and social realm of the middle and late Joseon Dynasty. The folk tales of Jeonbuk area also rejoice in Jungpung-gu as the protagonist who enjoys the story of a gunman who reflects the changed world. The trait of Jungpyeonggu talent was changed to Jungdang Jeongpyeonggu. Through Jungdang Jeongpyeonggu, the lyricist overthrew and mocked all social ideas and showed an expanded world consciousness.

A Study on the Presence of Nobi in the Korean Classical Narratives

Nayeong Kim | 2017, 31 | pp.243~281 | number of Cited : 5

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A Study on the Relationship Between Learning Idioms and Semantic Transparency for Learners of the Korean Language

Suh Kyoung Sook | 2017, 31 | pp.285~316 | number of Cited : 2

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between learning idioms and semantic transparency for Korean language learners of varying nationalities. In a number of prior studies, the direct relationship between semantic transparency and idiom learning has become an accepted premise; however, there have not been many empirical studies on this premise. In fact, there is a need to examine whether there is a correlation between idiom learning and semantic transparency. An experimental study using OpenSeasame was conducted to try to verify that the semantic transparency of idioms influences the learning of idioms for L2 learners. The experiments carried out in this study consisted of a learning section and an inspection section. In the learning section, three types of idioms with differing transparency were repeated three times as a self-paced learning method. In the subsequent inspection section, recall tasks (meaning recall and lexical recall tasks) were performed. The results showed, first, in terms of semantic transparency and speed of idiom learning, L2 learners showed differences in learning speed based on transparency. The amount of time spent learning C-type idioms with high semantic transparency was much less than the time spent learning less transparent A-type idioms. This suggests that the transparency of idioms affects the learning time for Korean language learners learning idioms. Second, there is a relationship between the semantic transparency of idioms and the learning effect. L2 learners showed differences in learning effect depending on the level of transparency. The more transparent idioms had a positive learning effect, and the success rate of the meaning and lexical recall tasks was found to be high. On the other hand, the success rate of the meaning and lexical recall tasks for the opaque idioms was found to be lower, and learners found it more difficult to learn as the idioms became opaque. The results of this experiment verify the accepted premise that there is a positive relationship between semantic transparency of idioms, learning time, and learning effect.

Analysis of explanation presentation about ‘-길래’ in Korean textbooks

이지선 | 2017, 31 | pp.317~359 | number of Cited : 0

The causal connective suffix ‘-길래’ is one of the tricky grammar items that have a number of syntactical restrictions. Therefore, foreign learners should properly understand its meaning and grammatical characteristics before speaking. Since textbooks are the basic means of learning Korean, they have a huge influence on how foreign learners understand ‘–길래’. In this sense, it is important to take a long hard look at how textbooks describe ‘-길래’ because this can help foreign learners understand ‘-길래’ better and enable them to have a good communication. So, I analyzed how textbooks describe usage of ‘-길래’ based on 7 textbooks published in Korea and 4 textbooks published in China. This analysis was to determine whether these textbooks present all the meaning, syntactical restrictions and discourse information of ‘-길래’ found from the previous research. The result of analyzing these Korean textbooks showed that most of the textbooks do not present the usage of ‘-길래’ and even when it is presented, it is not properly explained. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that most of the textbooks that present the usage of ‘-길래’ describe it only as “a basis of speaker’s action” in a declarative sentence. It seems that these textbooks consider the difficulty level of the grammar. However, the obvious problem was that this can negatively influence on communication among the foreign learners who do not understand the meaning of ‘-길래’ in other situations. Also, among nine textbooks that present the usage of ‘-길래’ in a declarative sentence, only two textbooks from 『고려』 and 『标准』 publishing company present all of the meaning, syntactical restrictions, discourse information and bonding information. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the textbooks from China have errors on descriptions of the grammatical restrictions. Based on these results, I suggested that all the usages of ‘-길래’ in a declarative sentence, interrogative sentence and basis of speculation should be covered in textbooks to enhance communication skills of foreign leaners. This is not just presenting these three usages at the same time but presenting them according to the frequency of usage. It is effective to present a usage of ‘-길래’ in a declarative sentence first and a usage of ‘-길래’ in an interrogative sentence second and a usage of ‘-길래’ for a basis of speculation in a declarative sentence lastly. The criteria of presentation is to describe the meaning of ‘-길래’ first and then explain syntactical restrictions and discourse information. Mastering the meaning of the grammar items first enable foreign learners to understand grammatical restrictions caused by those items. This is the reason why the meaning is presented before syntactical restrictions.

A Consideration on the Changes of the Meanings of Sino-Korean word ― Focused on the comparison with the Chinese words of the same type ―

이단 | 2017, 31 | pp.361~388 | number of Cited : 2

The meaning of the vocabulary is constantly changing. Many of the Sino-Korean words were adopted from ancient China. The change of meanings of Sino-Korean word can be clarified by comparing with the ancient Chinese words of the same type. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the meaning of Sino-Korean word with the ancient Chinese words of the same type, and then to examine the results of the changes. This study investigates such changes through comparison against meanings in Sino-Korean word based on the ancient Chinese words from a diachronic perspective. Firstly, cases where the meaning has not changed were identified using expressions such as “tomorrow” (Korean: 내일, Chinese: 來日) and “review” (Korean: 검토, Chinese: 檢討). These are cases in which the meaning has changed from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, whereas it has remained unchanged from ancient Chinese to modern Korean. Next, cases where the meaning has changed were identified by comparing the meanings of Korean and Chinese terms. Firstly, there is a decrease in the meaning category, which shows both in the decrease of the numbers of meanings and narrowing the scope of meanings such as “intent” (Korean: 의사, Chinese: 意思), “even if” (Korean: 설사, Chinese: 設使), and “birthday” (Korean: 생신, Chinese: 生辰). Secondly, new meanings are created. Some Sino-Korean words were adopted from ancient Chinese words, but they produced new meanings which not only are different from but also don’t derive from their original Chinese words. Such as “resolve” (Korean: 각오, Chinese: 覺悟), “expression” (Korean: 기색, Chinese: 氣色), “reason” (Korean: 사정, Chinese: 事情), and “mistake” (Korean: 실수, Chinese: 失手).Thirdly, the Evaluation Meaning of the words are changed. The Evaluation Meaning of the words here refers to their positive, neutral and negative meanings. Compared with the ancient Chinese words, the Evaluation Meaning of Sino-Korean words are reflected in the changes from neutral to positive or negative, from negative to positive and from positive to negative. Such as “commendable” (Korean: 기특, Chinese: 奇特), “temperament” (Korean: 성질, Chinese: 性質), “self-conceit” (Korean: 자부, Chinese: 自負), and “be well worth seeing” (Korean: 가관, Chinese: 可觀).

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2017, Vol.31, No.