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The Status of Goryeo Kings in the Mongol Subjugation period through the jurisdiction matters

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2016, (121), pp.201-234
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Lee, Myung-mi 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

After the restoration of King Wonjong in 1269, Darughachis got to stay in Goryeo, and the Mongolian forces also stationed in Goryeo to suppress the Revolt of Sambyeolcho, and to persuade and prepare for an expedition to Japan. Since then, there were cases in which Darughachis and officers of royal forces exercised judicial power mainly in relation to the military. The officers of royal forces exercised judicial power on their own when the military command system was clear, and Darughachis would exercise judicial power over daily matters. What is worth noting in the handling process of judicial matters during the period was “Japmun(雜問)”, in which Darughachis, officers of royal forces, and Goryeo kings or officials dealt with judicial issues together. Both Darughachis and officers of royal forces were part of the Mongolian force and followed the orders from the emperor including suppressing the Revolt of Sambyeolcho and persuading and conquering Japan. In the implementation process, however, there were differences between them: while the officers of royal forces focused on the “military” in their activities, Darughachis made responses to specific matters even covering the stabilization of common people in Goryeo. Since the Revolt of Sambyeolcho was an uprising against the king of Goryeo, as well, the forces of Goryeo were also active with suppressing it. Darughachis and officers of royal forces were, however, in different positions regarding the persuasion of and expedition to Japan. When there were issues requiring judicial settlement in the process of carrying out common military duties in that situation, they seem to have coordinated and reflected their mutual interests through the system of “Japmun.” When they failed to coordinate their mutual interests in the Japmun process, the individuals that took personal part in it had to go and see the emperor in the royal court and adjust differences in their positions. The King Chungryeol’s personal attending the emperor in 1278 can be understood in that context, which was requested to control further trouble after the conflicts between the two parties, which held an important status within the Mongolian national system and were supposed to play critical roles in the expedition to Japan more directly, grew external through the false accusation of Kim Bang-gyeong. The situation that Goryeo kings had to attend the Mongolian royal court to personally report the results of joint interrogation with the Mongolian officials in matters related to the Mongol empire and further to defend their treatment of internal affairs of Goryeo when someone raised an issue with it at the emperor’s court shows the changed status of Goryeo kings. In that process, the imperial power of Mongolia functioned as an arbitrator and final decision-maker to settle such disputes.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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