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A Comparative Study on the Acceptance of Joseon’s hoeguagmyo(灰槨墓) and Ming China’s jiaojiangmu(澆漿墓)

Kim Young kwan 1

1충북대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

After its founding, the Joseon Dynasty sought to adopt various institutions modeled after the Ming Dynasty. The same applied to funeral rites. From the reign of King Sejong (r.1418-1450) onward, there was a proactive effort to obtain the Daming Jili (The Collected Rites of Great Ming, 大明集禮), which synthesized Ming’s rites, but it could not be acquired. This was because Ming was passive in disseminating it to neighboring countries. The Daming Jili was obtained in Joseon around the fifth year of King Seongjong (r.1469-1494). As a result, even after acquiring the Daming Jili. Joseon did not strictly adhere to Ming’s institutions and established its own system. Consequently, the funeral rites using lime, which were applied to scholars and commoners in Ming’s Daming Jili, became the funeral rites applied to both the king, nobles, and commoners in Joseon. Joseon’s hoeguagmyo (lime mixed soil tombs, 灰槨墓) and China’s jiaojiangmu (lime mixed soil tombs, 澆漿墓) are essentially the same in that they both used three materials (lime, sand, and yellow soil) to construct graves. If the naming of China’s jiaojiangmu is based on the materials used, Joseon’s hoeguagmyo is named based on the final result created by utilizing the materials. Similar to Joseon’s hoeguagmyo, the Ming dynasty’s jiaojiangmu, constructed after forming togwang (earthen mounds, 土壙), can be referred to as ‘togwang-jiaojiangmu’. While Ming tombs exhibit various forms, such as creating brick chambers or stone chambers and then filling the surroundings with samhapto (a mixture of three soils, 三合土), Joseon’s hoeguagmyo, similar to the Ming dynasty’s togwang-jiaojiangmu, were prevalent. Whether it be the Ming dynasty’s jiaojiangmu or Joseon’s hoeguagmyo, both covered their coffins and burial chambers with lime, ensuring confidentiality and airtightness. Thanks to this, the contents, such as the corpse, burial clothes (殮襲衣), and supplementary items, stored in the coffin and chamber, could be well-preserved. As a result, items buried together during the tomb construction are often found in a well-maintained state without decay or damage. In the future, research on Joseon’s hoeguagmyo and Ming dynasty’s jiaojiangmu will continue. The excavated items, including clothing and crafts, can serve as crucial materials for comparing and studying the clothing and craftsmanship techniques of Joseon and Ming.

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