2018, Vol.18, No.1

Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.34

pISSN : 1598-6160
https://journal.kci.go.kr/jkca

The purpose of this study is to investigate the concepts of antipodes in antiquities and medieval times and to look at cartographic representation of antipodes. The Greek philosophers whom the Earth regarded in the form of the drum or the sphere assumed the existence of antipodes. The concept of antagonism was established by Crates of Mallus and influenced Roman philosophers through Cicero. Although the presence of the antipode was denied by Augustine in the Middle Ages, the concept of antipodes continued in the Middle Ages through Macrobius. The zonal type and quatripartite type of mappaemundi represent antipodes by either directly naming the place or indirectly recording the contents of the medieval encyclopedia that referred to the antipodes.

This study examines the background and process of the translation of the San Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets(三国通覧図説) by Hayashi Shihei(林子平) of Japan published in 1786 into French version by Klaproth from Germany published in 1832. We also examined his life and academic activities in order to clarify how Klaproth deciphered the book, and examined the influence of his linguistic achievements on Oriental studies. As a result, Klaproth, who was a genius of linguistics, expanded the horizons of linguistics by exploring the area of Caucasus, which became a report of language studies. For translations of the San Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets, which is presumed to have been obtained from Kyakhta or Irkutsk, the help of several sources and Siebold's advice, as well as Kolotygin, a Japanese-Russian, became a decisive moment. In 1832 Klaproth’s San Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets was eventually published in Paris, where he received translation funds from England and Ireland. Klaproth's San Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets should be regarded as a edited translation, rather than a mere translation, because it was written with footnotes and commentaries for Europeans easy to understand.

It has been 44 years since metropolitan transit system (MTS) introduced to South Korea. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of methodical and comprehensive research about station names of MTS. Since there was a research conducted about the characteristics of station names of seoul MTS, in this research, writer analyzed the characteristics of station names for 11 lines, 282 stations of MTS which were constructed and operated in non-capital area (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon). In syllable analysis, ‘two-syllable’ showed highest percentage with 65.2% and it showed exponential distribution in general. In word type analysis, ‘sino-korean word’ is overwhelmingly high with 89.0% followed by 5.0% of ‘native word’, 4.3% of ‘mixed word’, 1.8% of ‘foreign word’ and there is no numerical station name. In named source analysis, though some of them are ambiguous to be categorized, station names related to administrative district name have the majority with 58.9% followed by station names related to socio-cultural place name (35.5%), station names related to physical place name (4.6%). Station names related to town·township take the greater part in station names related to administrative district name with 77.1% (45.4% from total). Also there are 78.0% (27.7% from total) of station names related to society (public) which take the biggest part in station names related to socio-cultural place name. Since station name of MTS affect greatly on citizens’ daily lives, people have to be circumspect in establishment and revision of station name by considering publicness, representativeness, usability and so on.