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Privacy-Preserving Multi-Factor Authentication Using Decentralized Identity and Zero-Knowledge Proof for Distributed Systems

  • Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
  • Abbr : JKIOTS
  • 2026, 12(4), 5
  • Publisher : The Korea Internet of Things Society
  • Research Area : Engineering > Computer Science > Internet Information Processing
  • Received : June 4, 2026
  • Accepted : August 18, 2026
  • Published : August 31, 2026

Sunghyuck Hong 1

1백석대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes DID-ZKP-MFA, a privacy-preserving multi-factor authentication framework integrating decentralized identity and zero-knowledge proofs. The protocol combines DID-based registration, ZKP-based selective disclosure, and dynamic challenge-response. Its security is analyzed using Pedersen commitments, fuzzy extractors, Groth16, and the UC framework. In 100 prototype runs, mobile end-to-end authentication averaged 164.8 ms with 1,428 bytes per session. The design protects credentials and proof transcripts; identifier-level unlinkability additionally requires pairwise DIDs or session-specific pseudonyms.

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