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Gramsci and the Risorgimento -Was the Risorgimento a Failed Revolution?-

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2010, (22), pp.263~294
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Jang Moon Seok 1

1영남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Antonio Gramsci provided an enduring interpretative paradigm for the Italian Risorgimento. His interpretation of the Risorgimento, as equivalent to the French Revolution in Italy, used to be epitomized by the stereotyped “failed revolution” against Italian liberal thinker Benedetto Croce’s vision of the Risorgimento. Until now, Gramsci’s interpretation has been under attack from the recent revisionist works. This essay looks into; the genealogical relationships between Gramsci’s interpretation and the contemporary discourses of a failed revolution represented by Piero Gobetti, Italian radical liberal anti-fascist; and the latent possibilities of dialogues between Gramsci and revisionists. The points are as follows. First, Gramsci’s “passive revolution” was a organic part of contemporary discoursive formation which was a historical criticism of fascism and mainstream conservative liberalism. Second, although Gramsci emphasized radicals’ historical failure, he also acknowledged the aspects of both success and failure in the Risorgimento as a historical event and process. Surely, it seems that Croce’s historiography had some influences on Gramsci. Seen from this angle of vision, Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution was, however similar, not identical with the stereotyped failed revolution. This fact, in turn, shows that Gramsci’s thought is multifaceted and contradictive. It implies that Gramsci’s view of the Risorgimento needs to be revisited. And here are possibilities of renewed dialogues between Gramsci and revisionists.

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