In the 14 Century, the Jurchen who lived in the Manchu(滿洲) had main economic system of hunting and fishing and gathering. However, this system could not be expected to development of constant productive forces and self-sufficiency. For this reason, this thesis aims to focus how they overcame these problems and made their own country in the long run. To be specific, there are many perspectives of constructing Later jin(後金) but this thesis aims to concentrate on how they relieve their limitation. Lastly, this thesis also studies the economy of plundering-trade.
Jurchen requested Joseon and Ming their necessaries and get them by using the trade. Also, they plundered the boundary of Ming and Joseon in order to solve their problem. The chief of Jurchen plundered valuable items such as necessary items, human and animals. By using this way, they accumulated their own property and used in their activity. Ming and Joseon stopped their trade and made a war with Jurchen in order to prevent harmful effect from taking place in their boundary but it stimulated Jurchen and did not stop their plundering. Thus, in terms of Ming and Joseon, the plundering of Jurchen was destructive activities but as far as Jurchen is concerned, their activities were one of the key things to accumulate their assets and to earn workforce.
The development of Jurchen’s economy was not developed at first because there were not many trades with many countries. However, as the society of Jurchen was changed to the agricultural society, they needed to the method of producing such as farming cattle, workforce, farming tool. As a result, there were many trades with many countries. Furthermore, as the requesting of Jurchen’s specialty such as marten, ginseng was growing there were many types of trade such as tributary trade, horse trade, trade with Joseon in the boundary. In the late Ming, as the horse-market(馬市) was growing, the market was expanded and the types of items were also diversified and there were many people who participated in trade.
The growing of Jurchen was possible. This is because Jurchen could earn workforce by using plunder, they earned the method of producing, theyalso accumulated their own assets. As a result, these factors influenced the advent of Nurhachi who integrated to many Jurchen’s areas and made Later jin country in the long run.