2023, Vol.80, No.1

Journal of Humanities, Seoul National University 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.89

pISSN : 1598-3021 / eISSN : 2671-7921
https://journal.kci.go.kr/snu-ioh

There are many historical records that show the reality of the diaspora of the displaced people after the fall of Balhae, but archaeological evidence has received little attention. Among the tombs of the Liao Dynasty, the reason why the tombs of the Balhae and Korean people cannot be distinguished, whereas the tombs of the Khitan and Han people can be distinguished, is due to the lack of a critical perspective and methodology. In order to solve this problem, the tombs of the Liao Dynasty were individually examined, and many tombs similar to the ancient tombs of Balhae were identified. However, it is judged that the ethnic identity of the Balhae people was not completely maintained because Khitan-like elements could also be observed in terms of funerary practices.

Since Columbus’ arrival in America, chillies (Capsicum annuum) have spread around the world, and the spicy taste has become stronger in many local foods. However, the propagation process of chillies is very complicated, making it difficult to grasp the routes in a simple manner. The Portuguese contributed more to the spread of chillies than the Spanish. In particular, chillies were delivered to important trading hubs such as Goa in India and spread to Eastern Europe, Greece, and Balkans through Turkiye. Around the same time, it also entered various parts of Asia through complex routes, and it also flowed into Joseon and Japan. Korean food became spicier, but the process was first gradual and accelerated in the 19th century, and reached its peak in the 20th century. On the other hand, such a change has not occurred in Japan. Why is the acceptance of food ingredients different from society to society? Historians describe it as 'the autonomy of desire'. The social structure does not completely control human emotions, but on the contrary, elements such as desire may work to change the social structure.

It is possible that the domestication of the horse was implemented in the area of the Botai culture, located in the northern part of Kazakhstan. However, it is also true that the domesticated horse of the Botai culture did not spread east and west. Instead, the domesticated horse that emerged in the VolgaDon river region (of the Pontic-Caspian Sea region) and war chariot which was developed in the Sintashta culture, diffused into Europe and Asia, and replaced already existing indigenous horse. In addition, the Yamna culture (or Pit grave culture) of the Pontic-Caspian Sea influenced the Corded ware culture (and the Single grave culture) of Central and Eastern Europe. It is also assumed that the Yamna culture and the Corded ware culture of Europe affected the Sintashita culture in reverse. The Proto Indo-European language group spread into Europe with the Yamna culture and its westward advance. On the other hand, it is presumed that its advance toward South Asia was made by the Sintashta culture rather than the Yamna culture. Cultural change in prehistoric Eurasia is a very complicated process and thus it is necessary to reinterpret it continuously through applications of newly modified research.