2007, Vol.20, No.4

Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

pISSN : 2671-5651 / eISSN : 2671-566X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/aba

Ancient DNA analyses are widely used for evolutionary and phylogenetic study of mankind in anthropology and archeology. However, the DNA extraction from particularly poorly preserved ancient human samples is often unsuccessful in these analyses. In the present study, to improve the success rate of ancient DNA analysis, we introduced a high grade ancient DNA purification method using ion-exchange columns. We compared the success rate of ancient DNA analysis of this new method with that of the two methods that have been used for ancient DNA extraction, GENECLEAN kit (Qbiogene) and Qiaquick column (Qiagen). Twelve ancient bone samples from Korea and Mongolia that are about 500 to 5,000 years old by an archeological estimation were used. As the DNA analysis methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the amplification of a mitochondrial DNA HV1 segment, a male sex determination marker DNA and M175 marker DNA that is used for the determination of O haplogroup of Y chromosome that is reportedly a common one in modern Korean people. The method developed in this study remarkably increased the success rate of DNA analysis compared with the other two methods. Using the GENECLEAN kit, only two samples were amplifiable for the mitochondrial DNA, no sam-ples for the male sex determination marker and M175 marker DNAs. Using the Qiaquick columns, nine samples were amplifiable for mitochondirial DNA, nine samples for male sex determination marker and six samples for M175 marker. The developed method allowed for the amplification of mitochondrial DNA from all samples, male sex determination marker from eight samples and M175 marker from eight samples. The results demonstrate that ion-exchange columns can be useful for the improved ancient DNA extraction in anthropology and archeology.

Recently, with the increasing interests in the endoscopic nasal surgery, it is essential for practitioners to have detailed knowledges of the anatomical structures for the successful surgery. This study was undertaken to provide morphological information of the nasal turbinates as anatomical reference during endoscopic nasal surgery. A total of 43 adult cadaver heads were bisected midsagitally and evaluated morphometrically. The results were as follows: The highest nasal turbinatee were observed in 66.7% of the case. After removal of the mucosa, the distances from the akanthion to the anterior end of superior, middle, inferior nasal turbinate were 46.75 mm, 38.23 mm, 18.51 mm respectively. The distances from the akanthion to the posterior end of superior, middle, inferior nasal turbinate were 55.11 mm, 54.72 mm, 50.26 mm respectively. The lengths of the superior, middle, inferior nasal turbinate were 22.20 mm, 40.14 mm, 40.97 mm respectively. The detailed measurements of the nasal turbinates performed in this study may provide useful anatomical landmarks for the endonasal endoscopic surgery.

This study aims to investigate the anatomical information of the sphenopalatine foramen with special reference to the bleeding control of the sphenopalatine artery and to the blockage of the pterygopalatine ganglion during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Forty-three midsagittal sectioned Korean heads were used in the study. The mucosa on the lateral nasal wall was removed for showing the sphenopalatine foramen. The shapes of the sphenopalatine foramen were classified by 4 types. Angle from the akanthion and distances from akanthion, conchae, sphenoidal sinus and greater palatine foramen were measured. The sphenopalatine foramen was frequently found as oval shape and bilateral symmetry of 28.6%. The vertical length was 5.5 mm, the horizontal length was 5.3 mm. The most anterior point of the sphenopalatine foramen was located on 54.4 mm few and angles were between 15.9ခand 22.1ခfrom akanthion. The distances were 36.2 mm from anterior end of middle nasal concha, 6.2 mm from posterior end of middle nasal concha, 27.2 mm from greater palatine foramen. The uppermost point of the sphenopalatine foramen was located on 22.3 mm from the most superoanterior end of the sphenoidal sinus, 18.6 mm from the lowermost end of the sphenoidal sinus. This study could be useful to provide the confidence about the location of the sphenopalatine foramen during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.