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Procedures of National Mourning Ritual and Third-year Memorial Service in Goryeo Dynasty

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2016, (122), pp.79-125
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Lee Seung Min 1

1가톨릭대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Procedures of national mourning ritual in Goryeo Dynasty had been made based on classical rituals of Chinese Dynasties and precedent cases of Goryeo Dynasty. As there was no strict procedures for national mourning ritual, it had adapted to political situation and chief mourner's opinion. The normative procedures of national mourning ritual in Goryeo Dynasty was made as follows. Taejo(太祖) had quoted Han(漢) Wendi(文帝)’s testament, and he had ordered his mourning ritual the way it was ordered in Han Dynasty. But there was no record in detail. In the testament of Kyoungjong(景宗), he had clearly enforced the short-term ritual. It called Dansangje(短喪制) which was required for the mourning rituals, changing the period from 27 months to 27 days. Sungjong(成宗) had built the national shrine as one of the policies to deliver the Confucian system. From this time mortuary tablet had enshrine in the national shrine. Eventually, the procedures of national mourning ritual from death to enshrinement was finally set up. The mourning ritual of Hyeonjong(顯宗) was normative procedures. Dukjong(德宗) who followed king had worn mourning clothes for 27 days. One year later, he served as a Buddhist and Confucian rites around first deathday. On 27 months after death, he had enshrined father's mortuary tablet in the national shrine. While 27 months he had followed the procedure by third-year memorial service. Even though royal family and officers took off mourning clothes, mourning attitude had been maintained and served as mourning rites according to the procedure of third-year memorial service. It was called Simsang(心喪). Since then until the late Goryeo Dynasty the royal family including king had worn mourning cloths in the short term based on Dansangje, and followed procedure of national mourning ritual for 27 months based on Simsang. In the late Goryeo Dynasty, due to the relation with Yuan(元, Mongol), it had been changes in enforcement. Bungsang(奔喪) means that the chief mourner is returning to Goryeo in order to organize the mourning ritual. As crown prince of Goryeo had to stay in Yuan, he ran down to Goryeo as soon as he heard about the king’s death. Bansang(返喪) refers to the activity of transferring body from Yuan to Goryeo, which stayed in Yuan or passed away due to the banishment. However, most of the national mourning ritual in the late Goryeo Dynasty was executed in response to existing procedure.

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