2013, Vol.22, No.4

Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.51

pISSN : 1225-7184
https://journal.kci.go.kr/kseia

The aim of this study is to assess the social value of Ham-Pyung Butterfly Festival in the year of 2011. The tool for the assesment is the zonal travel cost method. The result of the study can be summed up as follows; First, the average individual consumer’s surplus measures approximately from 29,700 to 30,100 Won. Second, the total consumer’s surplus, that is the social value of the festival, ranges approximately from 7.6 to 7.7 billion Won. The most beneficiary of the event is turned up to be the people who are living in the outside of Ham-Pyung and go on a tour there. For that reason, the central government looks to have the obligation to support and to sponsor the festival.

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for restoration and management of trails by assessing the physical environments, the types of deterioration and the naturalness on trails located in the Sogeumgang, Hwarang and Seoak districts of Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The Sogeumgang was 5.9m, 1.1m of the Hwarang and 1.8m of the Seoak district in trail width. In the bared width of trail, the Sogeumgang was 3.9m, 0.9m of the Hwarang and 1.7m of the Seoak district. In the depth of erosion, the Sogeumgang was 37.1cm, 14.2cm of the Hwarang and Seoak district. The Sogeumgang was 16.8°, 13.1° of the Hwarang and 12.2° of the Seoak district in longitudinal slope. In the left and right of transect slope, the Sogeumgang was 18.3° and 12.6°, 18.0° and 21.3° of the Hwarang and 15.3° and 22.7° of the Seoak district. In the left, middle and right of soil hardness, the Sogeumgang was 29.9mm, 34.7mm and 31.1mm, 27.6mm, 35.0mm and 27.2mm of the Hwarang and 27.1mm, 30.8mm and 28.0mm of the Seoak district. The type of deterioration in trails were 10 types of the Sogeumgang, 11 types of the Hwarang and 9 types of the Seoak district. The trail erosion, rock exposure and root exposure were substantially observed in the types of deterioration. In the results of the naturalness assessment, the Hwarang district was a good condition, but the Sogeumgang district was bad. The indicators of the Sogeumgang district were mostly poor.

This study was conducted to identify runoff characteristics of pollutants using flow duration curve(FDC) and load duration curve(LDC) in Youngbon A watershed during 2009~2011. A flow rate and pollutant load in the study watershed were estimated by equation of stage-discharge and discharge-loads rating curve. From these methods, BOD, T-N, and T-P have evaluated whether water quality standards would have attained. Results showed that BOD loads of about 50% plotted above the LDC, while T-N and T-P loads of about 50% plotted below the curve. It means that BOD of about 50% have exceeded the water quality criteria, while T-N and T-P of about 50% have complied with the water quality standards. Meanwhile, BOD, TN and T-P loads plotted above the LDC of low flows, implying that they were more affected by point pollution sources than nonpoint pollution sources in the study watershed.