2017, Vol.56, No.

Korean Semantics 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.11

pISSN : 1226-7198 / eISSN : 2734-0171
https://journal.kci.go.kr/semantics

The Purpose of This Study is to Clarify the Difference between the Expressions of Intention, which are ‘-겠-’, ‘-을 것이-’, ‘-을게(요)’, ‘-을래(요)’. To achieve this purpose, this study critically reviewed preceding literatures on the modality and intention expressions, and several Korean grammar books. Through this process, this study revealed how to tell the difference among those expressions in terms of modal meanings. First, four forms can be divided into ‘-을 것이-’ and the rest three forms by asking this question: Is the contents of the sentence (the future action) what is decided on the moment of speaking or before the speaking?. The forms, ‘-겠-’, ‘-을게(요)’, ‘-을래(요)’ are used when the speaking time and the resolution time is identified, otherwise ‘-을 것이다’ would be chosen. Secondly, if the speaker recognizes or cares the listener’s wish or intention, they would use ‘-을게(요)’, ‘-을래(요)’, but if it is not so, s/he would use ‘-겠-’ which is unmarked form regarding to it. Thirdly, if the speaker says his/her own will, accepting the wish or intention of the listener, s/he would use ‘-을게(요)’, otherwise ‘-을래(요)’ would be used. Since this study simplifies the differences among those forms, the better description of the meaning for those expressions of intention could be provided in the field of Korean education.

This study investigates the meaning extension of Korean verb ‘sotdda’. A meaning is based on embodiment, ‘embodied meaning’ conceptualizes as our experiences. The meaning extension is systematic by mechanisms of ‘Conceptual Metonymy’, ‘Conceptual Metaphor’, and ‘Fictive motion’. ‘Sotdda’ is the verb to imply directionality and to represent the change of state. ‘Sotdda’ extends from physical object to abstract object. Firstly, ‘sotdda’ extends to internally or externally bodily change like blood, chest, tooth, freckle, and lumbar etc. In this case, ‘sotdda’ is focusing an ending point by ‘Conceptual Metonymy’. Secondly, ‘sotdda’ extends fictively. In this case, ‘sotdda’ describes non-moving entity as moving entity like rock, mountain, hill, flower, building, bat, tower etc. Finally, ‘sotdda’ extends abstract object by ‘Conceptual Metaphor’. The directionality of ‘sotdda’ extends to positive or negative emotion. The positive emotion of ‘sotdda’ is of relevance to internal energy or external popularity. The negative emotion of ‘sotdda’ is of relevance to internal energy or external stimulation. And ‘sotdda’ extends to a solution in the idiomatic expression involving directionality. The extension of size is an external realization and value like history and gold. And ‘sotdda’ extends to an entity's awareness like the deceased. This study presents that the meaning extension of ‘sotdda’ is systematic in embodiment.

When the argument and event structure of V1 and V2 are composed, they must share a Subject(Agent) argument. So it is mainly concerned about how their theme and location arguments are composed. The composition type falls into 5 types. Type I is the composition type of both verbs which take the Goal argument ‘egye’ and identical subevents. Type II is the case that the Goal arguments and subevents of V1 and V2 have relation in ‘part-whole’. Then the subevent of ‘part’ integrates into the subevent of ‘whole’. Type III is the composition type that V1 and V2 share their Theme argument and a Goal argument can be introduced in the construction of [V1+e+V2{cwu-ta}] by V2 ‘cwu-ta’. Type IV is only the composition type for event structure, which is the event resulted from the action of V1 is embedded in theme argument(y) of the event structure of V2. Finally, Type V is the case that the argument structure of V1 is maintained even though it is combined with V2 ‘cwu-ta’. It is found correspondence between these argument and event composition types. Furthermore, it can be certified correlation between syntactic-semantic structures based on these composition types.