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@article{ART001912851},
author={DAESIK KIM},
title={The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -},
journal={The Review of Korean History},
issn={1225-133X},
year={2014},
number={115},
pages={97-156}

TY - JOUR
AU - DAESIK KIM
TI - The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -
JO - The Review of Korean History
PY - 2014
VL - null
IS - 115
PB - The Historical Society Of Korea
SP - 97
EP - 156
SN - 1225-133X
AB - Though it is different from modern concept, ‘territorial waters’ have been employed since Goryeo that sea itself is understood as part of territory. Goryeo sought to establish a new relationship with neighboring countries after unifying post Three Kingdoms and reorganized relevant systems prior to setting relationship with Japan. Goryeo established ‘Southeast Sea and Islands Division’ in 22nd year of Taejo(939) immediately after the unification of post Three Kingdoms. Southeast Sea and Islands Division was established for military purpose to beat Japanese raiders and Yeojin pirates appearing in East Coast as well as diplomatic objective responsible for the exchange and trade with Japan. In 23rd year of Gwangjong(972), Governor of Namwon, Ham, Geunggil and Govenor of Gimhae, Lee, Sundal visited Daema-do to deliver the National Documents, Daema-do quickly transferred the Documents to Dazaifu(Local Government). Japanese government ordered Dazaifu to quickly forward the respond. Cargo ambassador and trade ambassador dispatched in 25th year of Gwangjong(974) were sent to the capital. There were no such prompt reports and immediate treatments. This is regarded in return for the military action by Taejo of Goryeo. Goryeo forwarded 3 Official Documents to Japan, Daemadosa and Daemado in 16th year of Seongjong(997), but Japan decided to return the Documents due to disrespectful language similar to Documents of Song. Goryeo kept control of East Sea and South Sea. For example, when Doijeok attacked Japanese coast in 1019, the pitched battle between Goryeo and Georan for 2 months ended by complete victory of Goryeo which started by attack of So, Baeap leading 100,000 army in December, 9th year of Hyeonjong(1018) up to Guiju Victory the beginning of following February. Doijeok, a sort of Northeast Yeojin attacked coast of Goryeo and Kyushu, Japan while Goryeo suffered a great war. Goryeo had no big injuries or damages equipped with military power such as Southeast Sea and Islands Division, however, Kaneda castle, Daemado(對馬島 金田城) and Itto castle, Iki(壹岐 怡土城) of Japan were captured and Gi-i castle, Chikuzenguk(筑前國 基肄城) in Kyushu was invaded. Goryeo governed East Sea and East Coast as part of territory and beaten pirates and rebellions whenever they showed up. East Sea, Ulleung-do and Dok-do were territorial waters and territory for Goryeo to protect. The Joseon History by Hayashi, Daisuke(林泰輔, 1854-1922), modern Korean History acknowledged by Japanese, mentioned an important fact regarding East Sea and Sea of Japan at that time. Hayashi used the words of West Sea and South Sea in Geography section of General Remarks indicating that ‘There is no big difference between tides in West Sea and South Sea.’ Further he wrote that ‘The tide difference is only 2～3 ships up to East Sea of Hamgyeong-do and Gangwon-do, north of Ulsan-hyeon.’ Thus Hayashi wrote the most basic and general information that the sea from Ulsan up to Hamgyeong-do is called ‘East Sea’ at that time, too. Japanese accordingly recognized that East Sea is the Sea of Korea. Hayashi also wrote ‘Sea of Japan’ indicating the Straits of Korea instead of Black Border or Black Sea generally referred to in Japan those days. He just reduced the abbreviation of Japan’s adjacent sea(日本邊海). Then after Japan invaded Joseon, they started calling East Sea as Sea of Japan. Therefore the change of perception has a thread of connection with Japan’s expansionism and has close relationship with invasion, colonization and the control policy of Korea. Decisive occasions were Kanghwa Treaty in 1876, First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 and Russo-Japanese War in 1904.
KW - Territory;Territorial Waters;Dongnamheadobuseo(東南海都部署);Doijeok(刀伊賊);Donghea(동해);Goryeo-hea (고려해);Ulleung-do(울릉도);Dok-do(독도);Hanhea(澣海)
DO -
UR -
ER -

DAESIK KIM. (2014). The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -. The Review of Korean History, 115, 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. 2014, "The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -", The Review of Korean History, no.115, pp.97-156.

DAESIK KIM "The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -" The Review of Korean History 115 pp.97-156 (2014) : 97.

DAESIK KIM. The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -. 2014; 115 : 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. "The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -" The Review of Korean History no.115(2014) : 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -. The Review of Korean History, 115, 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -. The Review of Korean History. 2014; 115 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -. 2014; 115 : 97-156.

DAESIK KIM. "The Territory and Territorial Waters of Goryeo:by Colonial Historians during Japanese Occupation Period- Including Donghea and Dok-do -" The Review of Korean History no.115(2014) : 97-156.