2011, Vol.28, No.

인문논총 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.42

pISSN : 2005-6222 / eISSN : 2713-7511
https://journal.kci.go.kr/ifhs

The purpose of this writing is to introduce the environment of Masan literature in the early stage of modern era, the first modern magazine MasanWriter Club(1913) and Gim Gwang Je(1966~1920) who published it. Firstly, Masan City, is one of the modern cities which adopted the new culture early. In the early stage of modern era around 1910, there appeared overlapping phenomenon between traditional Chinese literature and new Korean literature. Gim Gwang Je, an intellectual from Chungcheongnam-do, published MasanWriter Club at this time. He started patriotic activities after leaving government position in 1905. In 1907, he led National Debt Repayment Movement. And then he acted vigorously in academic society. After 1910, he made an effort on publication, labor and industrial enlightenment campaign in Masan City. At the same time, he tried to work on The age of Enlightenment Chinese literature apart from anti-ethnic Chinese literature which spread in Seoul at that time. MasanWriter Club is the result of his effort. Five kinds of writings were included in the book, which were interpretation of the Classical Canon, prose, poem,The way of categorization aimed to cover both old and new literature. The consideration for new literature was somewhat passive. The book contained attitude of Gim Gwang Je, who never give up the will of patriotic enlightenment. In the future, active explanation for Gim Gwang Je’s life and thought will be required. So as for the people related to MasanWriter Club and the research for the stream of Masan City literature afterward.

This study explores the concept of the “individual” as found in major works related to ancient Confucian philosophy. Any debate over the merits of the concepts of modern and post-modern philosophy must inevitably include the individual. This concept also plays a central role in other debates, including those related to the notions of Asian values and an East Asian Community. The attachment of any true significance to this massive undertaking is predicated on preliminary attempts to conceptualize the “individual” reflected in the various contexts of Asian philosophy that constitute the foundation of the myriad of thoughts found in East Asian society. Based on this particular approach to the matter, this study analyzes the “individual” as exhibited in the early Confucian philosophical works that formed the foundation of traditional East Asian thought. This study pays particularly close attention to the concepts of the individual found in the Confucian Analects, from which the precursive notions that constitute the main concepts of Chinese and East Asian philosophy flow. Special attention is paid to “self-construction achieved through practicing the self.” More to the point, based on bibliographies of early Confucian philosophy such as Mencius and Xunzi, this study seeks to deduce the implications of the definition of the concept of the “individual” as a “self-construction achieved through practicing the self.”

Ernest Hemingway's first novel, In Our Time is discussed as a collection of short stories reflecting his own experiences. Among the fifteen stories, “Indian Camp” foreshadows many of the themes and techniques of his subsequent novels and best introduces his thought and art. In “Indian Camp”, Hemingway describes Nick Adams's journey into the unknown. A very young Nick witnesses moments of pain, birth, and death and is initiated into the adult world. This story reaches a climax when Nick's awareness of evil causes him to turn away from the experience in the cabin. At the end of the story, Nick feels sure that he would never die and denies death. That leads to his calm affirmation of eternal life and resolution not to succumb to fear in later life. But if we read this story carefully, we understand that there is civilization conflict between the whites and natives. As some critics suggest, Uncle George is the father of the baby and the Indian husband commits suicide because of his wife's unfaithfulness. Doctor Adams and Uncle George represent the civilization of the white man and intruder, and symbolize the new order. In this respect, the birth of a half-breed baby shows how the old culture is born and fused into the new culture. The baby is a mixture of both cultures. Therefore “Indian Camp” is a parable of the gradual intrusion and supplanting of one culture upon another.