2013, Vol., No.41

Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.39

pISSN : 1598-4230 / eISSN : 2586-7601
https://journal.kci.go.kr/ihss

School violence has become a serious problem recently in Korea. Therefore, our government has promoted various policies to combat this. It is especially notable that remarkable that these policies emphasis the institutional improvement and cooperation among different sectors of the society. However, these approaches are not much focused on the importance of regular school classes to prevent violence at school. Thus, this paper proposes improvements from the brain science perspective which emphasizes the affective aspects, such as emotion, empathy, and the integration between emotion and reason. To achieve this objective, this paper first examines closely the main contents of brain science that has an important meaning for democratic citizenship education. Second, this study analyze democratic citizenship education in social studies from the brain science perspective. Third, it proposes improvements in democratic citizenship education in social studies, such as the integration between emotion and reason, the cultivation of undemocratic problem-solving abilities, abilities to empathize with their fellows. Finally, this study suggests a convergence of education, the moral education, art and physical education.

This study focuses on changes in Japanese Society with the concept 'global citizenship'. This study researches on the changes in Japan post 1990s with two concept 'conservativeness' and the 'global citizenship'. In mid 1990s, Japanese people tried to accept foreigners in Japan as their citizen in local society. However, Japanese society changed in 2010s, Japanese public opinion refused to give the foreign permanent residents the rights to vote in local. In radical changes such as globalization, it can be seen as classifying and defending 'themselves' from 'others'. But, society in Japan is constantly in change. Compared to the past, policy in foreigners in Japan by Japanese government has been improved. Hatoyama the ex-prime minister confidently stated that Japan isn't the only Japanese's possession and tried hard to legalize the foreign permanent resident in Japan's rights to vote in local by making it top priority in Democratic party. His statement was based on his political ideology "friendship". Post late 1990s, educational relatives in Japan was concerned in global citizenship and actively tried to introduce it to school education. It is still in baby steps, and being operated in limited regions, this education will be spread from now on.

Every day, we hear gloomy news such as juvenile suicide and bullying , senile suicide, and wrongdoing by public officials . On this juncture, empathy is becoming increasingly popular. I suppose that all of the gloomy news of juvenile, senile, and official's unuseful behaviors have the same cause, deficit of empathy. The subject of this study, the effect of conditions of empathy and empathy itself on pro-social behavior, comes from this supposition. To check whether my idea is right or not, I made a structural equation model. As independent variables, belongings, reverence, trust, and empathy are accepted, and as dependent variable pro-social behavior is accepted. Among the seven, six hypotheses have been tested statistically significant at 5% significance level. This suggests that my prior theoretical discussions, from which the seven hypotheses were induced, are meaningful and right. Some implications for theory, policy, and education have been suggested. So many countermeasures for social problems, which are based on reason but discard empathy and emotions, cure only a few problems and wrong-doings. Only half of the subjects empathize. Empathy education for most people is necessary. The more people empathize, the happier they will be.