This study analyzed the developmental trajectory of adolescents' self-esteem using a latent growth model, using data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KYCPS 2018) of the Korean Youth Policy Research Institute, which included 2,160 participants (1,158 males and 1,002 females) who responded faithfully to relevant variables from the first year of middle school to the first year of high school in 2018. The findings are as follows First, the developmental trajectory of adolescent self-esteem gradually decreases with age from the first year of middle school to the first year of high school. Second, there is a significant difference between the initial value and the rate of change of the unconditional model of adolescent self-esteem, indicating that the developmental trajectory is individualized. Third, parenting style warmth, rejection, autonomy support, coercion, structure provision, and inconsistency were analyzed as predictors, finding that; except for coercion, warmth, rejection, autonomy support, structure provision, and inconsistency were all predictors of initial self-esteem, and rejection, autonomy support, structure provision, and inconsistency had significant effects on the rate of change. This study is significant because it examined longitudinal changes in adolescent self-esteem, and implications and limitations are discussed based on the findings.