2008, Vol.41, No.

PARK KYUN SUNG | 2008, 41 | pp.1~22 | number of Cited : 16

There have been many research works on compensation and continued revisions of compensation-related laws. However, the current Korean compensation law system still leaves a few unsolved problems. The problems include compensation problems relating to development profits and equity problems concerning enjoyment of benefits and apportionment of losses among developers, expropriatees, and neighboring land owners. Considering that the main purpose of the compensation for a property taking is to restore the expropriatee's living standard to the status quo ante, the compensation for a loss in living standard must be expanded. Even though almost all administrative law scholars agree with the necessity of the living standard compensation, there have been, both legislatively and theoretically, bitter disputes over how to compensate. The concept of compensation should be broader than it traditionally was. Accordingly, the concept of compensation should include the compensation for infringement on life or health, the indirect compensation, and the compensation for a loss in living standard. For caution's sake, the compensation should be distinguished from the social security which is based on the constitutional right to live. In the interpretation of “just compensation” under Article 23(3) of the Constitution, scholars are divided on whether it means “complete compensation“ or ”adequate compensation.“ Recently, a new theory argues that complete compensation, which is covering the living standard compensation, means restoring the expropriatee's standard of living to that he or she enjoyed prior to the taking. The Constitutional Court of Korea takes the complete compensation theory. Some scholars argue that development gains should be compensated. However, it is the generally accepted theory that development gains should be excluded from the calculation of compensation. According to the majority's theory, as the gains are windfalls of public development projects, not fruits of expropriatees' efforts or investments, they should be returned to the society, not to the expropriatees. Under the Land Compensation Act, the general rule is that the increased value from a development should be excluded from a sum of compensation; however, in some cases, the development gains is included in compensation. Although it goes without dispute that the compensation for a loss in living standard is necessary, the following issues are arguable and complex: the legal basis for the living standard compensation and the system, scope, and contents of the living standard compensation. There is no general provision for the living standard compensation. Article 79(2) of the Land Compensation Act provides that ”compensations for other losses from a public development shall be governed under the conditions as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation.“ This Article can be interpreted as the legal ground for the living standard compensation and the Enforcement Rule of the Land Compensation Act provides enumerated items of the living standard compensation. In addition, the Land Compensation Act contains a general provision for relocation measure. Except for the relocation measure, specific acts stipulate types and contents of the living standard compensation. Consequently, the details of the living standard compensation often differ according to acts without any main reason. Livelihood or living protection measure means restoring a expropriatee's economic standard of living to the original state prior to the land taking. There is no general provision for the livelihood protection. The Land Compensation Act includes a statutory provision only for relocation measure, not for livelihood protection measure. Some but not many individual acts include the provision for livelihood protection measure. The relocation measure must cover a renter whose loss of residence is not recoverable because the purpose of the living standard compensation is to restore expropriatees' living standards to the status quo ante. In order to achieve the purpose of the living standard compensation, the maintenance of original living standards, the relocation measure should be combined with the livelihood protection measure. The equity problems arise when expropriatees lose development gains while the neighboring land owners enjoy land betterment from a public development project. Legislation is required to recapture increased values of the neighboring lands. Also, the equity problems arise when individual acts that contain settlement measures have different compensation provisions for settlement. In conclusion, the efficiency in public works and the protection for property rights should be balanced each other. Justice for compensation should be done by materializing the constitutional principle of just compensation. In this context, compensation related laws should be reexamined. The equity problems among expropriatees, developers, and neighboring land owners should be considered. The coverage of living standard compensation must be expanded. The distinction and the cooperative mechanism between the living standard compensation and the social security are at issue.

Legal Aspects in relation to the construction of the New Town

KANG, HYUN HO | 2008, 41 | pp.23~54 | number of Cited : 8

Ab Jahr 2002 gab es einen beträchtlichen Unterschied in der Wachstumsrate des Kaufpreises der Wohnung zwischen südlicher Seite und nördlicher Seite Seouls. Daraushin gab es einige legale Maßnahme seitens kommunaler Ebene, nämlich hatte Seoul Metropolitan Stadt die Satzung zur harmonischen Entwicklung zwischen südlicher Seite und nördlicher Seite Seouls beschlossen und daraufhin sogenannte “Neue Stadt Gebiete” festgesetzt. Jedoch mangelte es an einer genügenden rechtlichen Basis zur Durchführung des Neue Stadt Vorhabens, denn das Vorhaben greifte in das Eingentumsrecht der Bürger ein. Darum hatten die Abgeordneten, die aus der nördlichen Seite stammten, ein Sondergesetz entworfen, nämlich das Sondergesetz zur Beförderung der Stadtsanierung(SBS). Jedoch betrug in sich das SBS verschiedene Probleme insbesondere hinsichtlich des gesamten Planungssystems. Das SBS ignoriert die gut entwickelten Planungssysteme in bezug auf die Stadtentwicklung und auch die Stadtsanierung. Das koreanische Parlament hat die zwei wichtigen Grundgesetze für die Bodennutzung Koreas erlassen, nämlich das Bodengrundgesetz und auch das Gesetz zur Planung und Nutzung des Bodens. Diese Gesetze sind keine normalen Gesetze wie die andere Gesetze, sondern sie gehören den Gesetzesverfassungsgrundgesetzen hinsichtlich der Bondennutzung in Korea, die sogar durch das Sondergesetz nicht überwältigt werden müssen. Die Politiker oder die Verwaltungsbeamter sind sehr dazu geneigt, ein Sondergesetz zu schaffen, obwohl die vorhandenen Gesetze die Rolle gut spielen können. Aber es ist die Aufgabe der Rechtswissenschaftler, solch eine fehlgeborene Gewohnheit zu unterbrechen und die Politiker und die hohen Verwaltungsbeamter zur rechten Position zu bringen. Sie müssen die Bondennutzungsgrundgesetze gut ausnutzen und auch sie ergänzen, wenn sie etwas Benötigtes für die Stadtsanierung von den Gesetzen finden. Dazu gibt es auch einige Probleme in dem Sondergesetz zu finden. Darunter gibt es auch die Inhalte des Sondergesetzes in bezug auf die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung(UVP). Das Sondergesetz regelt, daß das UVP Verfahren nur einmal in der Phase der Planung der Stadtsanierung durchzuführen ist und danach in der Phase der Durchführung des Vorhabens das UVP Verfahren ausfällt. Jedoch ist dieser Ausfall gegen den Zweck des Sondergesetzes der Stadtsanierung, denn durch den Ausfall die Umgebung des Stadtsanierungsgebiets verschlechtert wird. Dazu gibt es einige kleine Probleme, die hier nicht erwähnt werden. Durch die Untersuchung kam zur Ergebnis, daß die Planungssysteme in bezug auf die Bondennutzung von oben an bis hin unten gut verwaltet werden müssen. Dafür müssen die zwei Gesetzesverfassungsgrundgesetze als Basis für alle bodennutzenden Planungen und auch Vorhaben sein und auch aller erst für die Stadtsanierungszwecke gebraucht werden. In dieser Hinsicht könnte das Sondergesetz zur Beförderung der Stadtsanierung(SBS) eine Fehlgeburt sein.

Rechtliche Untersuchung zur Reformpolitik der öffentlichen Unternehmens im Bereiche der Bodenentwicklungs und des Wohnungsbauens

Jonghyun Seok | 2008, 41 | pp.55~83 | number of Cited : 2

A Study on the Improvement Solutions of Greenbelt Policy

Kim, Sang-Kyum | 2008, 41 | pp.85~101 | number of Cited : 3

Greenbelt policy started in 1971, as needs to regulate and manage excessive city expansion rose. Green area was fostered to block city expansions. Greenbelt policy has faced both positive and negative criticism since its introduction. This policy made a great contribution in preventing chaotic expansion of metropolitan area, in restricting real estate speculation and in providing greens to the citizens. However, small cities in and adjacent to the greenbelt area had to go through unwanted inconvenience because of the excessive restriction on land usage and development. Especially the residents within the area were compelled to sacrifice the exercise of their property rights. People's higher awareness of their rights with the advent of democratization and regionalization has called for a rational solution to the existing stiff greenbelt policy. As a result, a large-scale greenbelt policy reform was decided in 1999. The Constitutional court declared disagreement with Consitutional law on Urban program act article 21 in 1998 and urged a proper legislation which fits the 21th century. Afterwards, greenbelt policy was modified several times. Unlike the original purpose, the focus of the policy reform was to decide the region that would be excluded from greenbelt area. Greenbelt issues from now on must focus on the resolutions to prevent indiscreet cancellation of greenbelt area and to solve the negative side effects coming from the alleviated restriction. Moreover, what important is, is to make stakeholders participate in reaching a solution, thus enabling proper usages of greenbelt which can last to the future generation. In order to accomplish these purposes, government should develop related legislations. Violation of property rights due to random greenbelt area designation should be compensated. However, it is important that indiscreet greenbelt cancellation should not be linked to the violation of environmental rights. A long run solution to guarantee both property rights and environmental rights is in need. To establish such a solution, promoting people's awareness and understanding of this issue by rational policy making is important.

On Authorization of Taking for Land Banking

김광수 | 2008, 41 | pp.103~120 | number of Cited : 11

Legal Issue on Integration of Public Corporations

Dongsoo Lee | 2008, 41 | pp.121~139 | number of Cited : 3

A Study on the discussion of the Unification of Korea Land Corporation and Korea National Housing Corporation

Kim,Hee-Gon | 2008, 41 | pp.141~163 | number of Cited : 2

Rechtswissenschaftliche Beurteilung zum Entwurf des Wasserindustrieförderungsgesetz(WFG)

Sung-Soo Kim | 2008, 41 | pp.165~187 | number of Cited : 6

Vor allem liegt der Zweck der Strukturreform und der Rationalisierung der Wasserindustrie einerseits sowohl in der Erhöhung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Trinkwasserindustrue als auch in der Überwindung der neuen Lage der Weltwasserindustrie, kommt er aber anderseits als Reform des öffentlichen Sektors im Bereich der Trikwasserversorgung und Abwasserbeseitigung in Betracht. Ohne Zweifel leisten die Bürger, die sich um die mögliche Erhöhung der Wasserbenutzungsgebühr Sorge machen, und die für die bisher Wasserversorgung verantwortlichen Beamten den Widerstand zur Strukturreform, wenn die Reform so rasch vollzogen wird und damit die Beschäftigungssicherheit in die Gefahr gerät. Es ist zwar zu verstehen, daß die Koreanische Regierung sich im Hinblick auf die Reformaufgabe zur Strukturänderung des Wassermaktes in großer politischen Schwierigkeit befindet. Höchst fraglich scheint jedoch die Effektivität der Reformpolitik der Regierung zu sein, die sich an dem sog. Wettbewerb nur innerhalb des öffentlichen Sektors orientiert. Nach dem WFG-Entwurf werden eine Reihe von Reformplänen, wie öffentliche Unternehmen, gemischtwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Konzessionen vorgeschlagen, die als vorsichtige und stufenweise Maßnahmen die Nebenwirkungen der Strukturreformen möglichst verringern, ader dennoch keine grundlegenden Reformmaßnahmen darstellen. Zwigend erforderlich erscheinen die Maßnahmen, an denen sich auch die privaten Unternehmen teilnehmen und für sie Förderungsinitiativen eingesetzt werden, erfolgt daraus ein konstruktives Ergebnis der Regierung zur Förderung der konkurennzfähigen Wasserunternehmen. Nach dem WFG-Entwurf wird der Zentralwasserausschuß errichtet, der für die Strukturreform des Trinkwasserversorgungs- und Abwasserbeseitigungsmarktes verantwortlich ist und bis zum Zeitpunkt der vollständigen Privatisierung des Wassermarktes die Wasserindustriepolitik der Regierung weitgehend koodiniert. Davon her erscheit es wünschenswet, dem Zentralwasserausschuß die Entscheidungskompetenz der Wasserpolitik zurechnen zu lassen einschließlich der Gewährung der Subvention, der mit Unabhängigkeit und Fachlichkeit ausgestattet ist, während die betroffenen Behörden der Regierung die Poltik vollziehen. Damit wird die Wasserpolitik der Regierung dualistisch gestaltet.

A study on Effectiveness of Registration System for Actual Acquisition Price of Real Estate and Improvement of the System

심재홍 , 김진섭 , LEE, Chan-Ho | 2008, 41 | pp.189~206 | number of Cited : 4

Illegal collateral clause and Administrative litigation - with focus on the case law and litigation practice -

Guk-Soo Jeon | 2008, 41 | pp.207~227 | number of Cited : 9

Rechtsprobleme der kommunalen Internetseite als öffentlicher Einrichtung

CHO, In-Sung | 2008, 41 | pp.229~250 | number of Cited : 4

A Study concerned the improvement plan and principles of Administrative Information Resources Management laws in the E-Government

KIM, IL HWAN , Kim, MyeongSik | 2008, 41 | pp.251~279 | number of Cited : 2

Research on Legal Issues of Portal News Services for Reinforcement of Social Responsibility

KIM, MIN HO , JI, SEONG WOO | 2008, 41 | pp.281~308 | number of Cited : 5

News Services provided by portal sites are fundamentally changing the relations between news providers and users, and will become more active from now on, because such services can interactively satisfy users' wants for information in real-time in the era of media fusion. As the power that existing off-line mass media used to have, such as forming social agenda of leading public opinion is shifting into in-line media, internet portals especially, news services provided by portal sites became more influential in society than those of existing mass media. However, Internet portal sites are basically private-owned, and are not subject to strong regulations on their structures of contents from the State until now, because they are regulated more likely newspapers, than broadcasting companies. Like this, despite the power of influence in society of news services provided by portal sites, it is problematic that internet portal companies are not subject to regulations that mass media organizations bear such as regulations on structures or contents, only because internet portal companies do not belong to such mass media organizations. And this is increasing financial burden laid on mass media organizations, and public opinion on the necessity of regulations, according to social influence of portal site, is wide spreading. From now on, the core of legislation of regulations on internet portals is to guarantee the freedom of expression of internet portal service providers as private companies on internet, to prevent them from gaining dominant power to formate public opinion and to devise fast and perfect recovery systems from losses caused by internet portals. Since news services from portals are only a part of internet portal services, regulating internet portal services just as mass media organizations, by including internet portal services into the scope of “mass media”, may cause another problem. In addition, including internet portals in internet newspapers by lightening restrictions on them, or introducing a new concept such as “news service providers”may result in confusion among press law systems, under the circumstances that the concept of “internet newspapers” is already established in current laws and regulations related to mass media. Therefore, from now on, when newly setting up legislative measures on portal news services, such regulation systems shall be divided into two ways as below: The regulation systems on contents should be included in those of information communication networks, because portal news services are provided as a part of portal services; However, the recovery systems from losses caused by portal news could be more effective to be settled through improving current recovery systems from losses caused by mass media. In other words, the regulation systems on portal news services shall be divided into the regulations on contents and the recovery systems from losses. The regulations on contents should be improved by amending laws and regulations in the realm of information and communication networks laws; The recovery from losses should be improved by amending laws and regulation on information and communication networks, so the Minister of information and Communication may order relevant portals additional aids to help recovery from losses(such as deleting articles) when users obtain prior decisions of aid under the laws on press arbitration.

Considérations sur 「Délégation de service public」

김봉채 | 2008, 41 | pp.309~335 | number of Cited : 3

Eine Studie über Vereinheitlichung der Funktionen des Zentralen und Kommunalen Widerspruchsverfahrens

Shin, Bong-Ki | 2008, 41 | pp.337~371 | number of Cited : 9

A Study on the Legal Aspects of Beef Importation Following the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement

lee jae sam | 2008, 41 | pp.373~410 | number of Cited : 0

An international agreement should be based on the principles of equality with the parties thereto being the main constituent possessing equal rights and obligation, and uphold the maintenance of legal relations. However, this unequal beef import agreement between Korea-US resulted in enormous damage to the people and the nation alike. That is, the said agreement caused an infringement of the people's right to live healthily and the right to quarantine. For this reason this unequal beef import agreement should be amended as soon as possible. It is quite right to rectify the situation by renegotiating it. And that is the desire of the whole nation. The constitutional right to life and the right to live healthily must be secured and protected. The state has responsibility to protect the health of the people, who in turn has a right of claim against the state ensuring the healthy life. The core of the problems of the beef import agreement is that it allows the importation of beef which contains SRM, violating the right to live healthily. The import of such SRM would threaten the health of the people exposing them to the mad cow disease. Besides, Korea has a very limited quarantine right at a U.S. slaughterhouse. Under the agreement Korea has to inspect the beef in the U.S. territory if SRM is found and follow the normal inspection procedure applying the normal rate, if the beef is deemed safe during such inspection. Even for the two instances of endangering the safety of food safety Korea is made unable to ban the import until the slaughterhouse in question has remedied the situation, and that is not fair. For this reason the Korean Government should be able to immediately stop the handling of the beef, if the US slaughterhouse in question is found producing the beef in a manner endangering the food safety. And a scientific inspection and management system should be carried out throughout the whole process ranging from the breeding, rearing, slaughtering and distributing of cattle in the United States to the quarantine inspection in Korea. For this purpose Korean quarantine officers and specialists are to be permanently stationed at the US slaughterhouse and granted authority to inspect it. Quarantine inspection procedures should be carefully followed while taking a precautionary measure for the entire imports to ensure the prevention of mad cow disease under the circumstances of impending full-scale market opening for the US beef. Any US beef suspected of mad cow disease during such inspection must be immediately returned or destroyed. And the appropriate level of manpower and equipment should also be secured for the thorough inspection of the US beef. For this purpose the training of the mad cow disease specialists and the equipment modernization are urgently needed. Also establishing domestic regulations as well as an institutionalized system may be required to preform both the prior inspection and post management for the mad cow disease. In other words, measures for preventing and curing the said disease as well a relief measure should be established. And marking of the place of origin should be strengthened to tighten controls on the beef importation and distribution. For this purpose the expansion of regulatory personnel as well as the punishment for the marking violations should be intensified. Ways of raising the competitiveness for the local cattle should also be sought out, as the local beef began considerably losing the market. To raise the local beef quality, a safety measure, scientific management system and the restructuring should be carried out throughout the whole process ranging from the breeding, rearing, slaughtering and distributing of local cattle. Measures that include Government's subsidies(helping the farmers to pay for cattle feed), a direct deal system(restructuring the distribution system), technical development or scientific research to produce high-quality local beef, strengthening of publicity and management based on the reinforced cooperation among the industry, government and consumers, measures for cattle disease prevention and curing and a relief plan should also be sought out.

Etude sur l'adoptation du régime mixte comme régime politique

JEON Hak-Seon | 2008, 41 | pp.411~434 | number of Cited : 21

Die represäntative Demokratie und Zahl der Frakionsbildung

Jeong Kuk Won | 2008, 41 | pp.435~452 | number of Cited : 8

International Issues of Conscientious Objection to Military Service

나달숙 | 2008, 41 | pp.453~479 | number of Cited : 16

Zur Stellung des ehrenamtlichen Richters im Gerichtssystem Deutschlands

Kim Do-Hyub | 2008, 41 | pp.481~496 | number of Cited : 1

On the Principle of Financial Democracy and the Constitutional Control -Focusing on the Flexibility of the Finance Law and the Control of the Settlement of Accounts-

장선희 | 2008, 41 | pp.497~520 | number of Cited : 7

Our Constitution proclaims the parliament-centric financial democracy as its basic principle of the finance. As provided by the Clause 54 and the following clauses and by the Clause 59 and other laws and regulations of finance, the principal subjects on the national finance are to be kept under the control of the parliament, in other words, they come into effect through the resolution of the Parliament. This principle is derived from the doctrine of the democratic sovereignty of our Constitution, and it's an unavoidable interpretative conclusion from the supremacy of the parliament in the system of the indirect democracy. From a practical point of view the financial authority of the parliament endowed by the Constitution has effect, different from the legislative authority, not only on the abstract and general subjects, but also on the individual and concrete ones. From a period-related point of view it can, different from the legislative authority empowered with the prior control, intervene in the administrative activities simultaneously, and accuse the administrative departments of responsibility retroactively. This reinforcement of the financial authority could be understood as a concretization of the constitutional demand for democracy and legalism based on the parliamentary supremacy into the financial democracy and the financial legalism. The executive is, as mentioned above, under an obligation to act based on the financial democracy and legalism, but it also should be flexible enough to cope with the changing financial circumstances. That why there are a series of institutional devices to ensure the flexibility of the financial laws. This flexibility includes the discretionary authority of the executive to a certain extent and the political influence from outside. The flexibility of the executive in regards of the financial administration can cause a setback of the financial democracy. For all the importance, our jurisprudence lacks a serious discourse on that subject from the financial reform through the establishment of the financial law to these days. In this treatise the legislative system of the budget and accounts that is established to promote the flexibility will be looked into form a perspective of financial democracy, focusing on its untrodden parts. The control over the finance based on the principle of the parliamentary resolution is multifarious and extensive corresponding to the nature and content of the finance. By reason of that, this treatise will be restricted to the devices to promote the flexibility in the financial execution, and to the settlement of accounts.

A syudy on the concept and system of legal on the social welfare

Kim Hun | 2008, 41 | pp.521~544 | number of Cited : 3

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Public Land Law Review 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.14

2008, Vol.41, No.