The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze trends in qualitative research on vocational rehabilitation for people with disabilities published in Korean academic journals from November 2019 to 2025, and to derive academic and practical implications amid recent social and technological changes. Using major academic databases, sixty-six studies were selected through keyword searches such as “disability,” “vocational rehabilitation,” and “qualitative research,” focusing on those with clearly stated research purposes and methodologies. Each study was analyzed through content analysis in terms of research topics, participant characteristics, qualitative methods applied, and data collection and analysis procedures. The findings revealed that, under structural transformations such as the super-aged society, low birthrate, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative studies have expanded interdisciplinary themes and achieved methodological maturity by exploring the experiences, perceptions, and meanings of persons with disabilities and practitioners. Based on these results, the study suggests the need to strengthen future academic, policy, practice, and ethical foundations in the field of disability vocational rehabilitation.